Net Present value Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Net Present value - Essay Example There are various methods available for appraisal of a project like Net Present Value, Pay back period and others. Here we are using NPV and payback method to analyze the project. Let us start with NPV method. NPV method recognizes the fact that a pound today is worth more than a pound tomarrow. NPV is ‘a calculation in dollars of the present value of all future cash flows from a project. It is roughly analogous to the concept of profit.’(Gary Heerkens, page 59) The total production per week is 1000 units and accordingly 52000 units for the year. As per information provided the contribution or profit per units will be  £0.20 and as the sale for the year is 52000 units, total contributions towards profit is  £10400. As the fixed operation cost will get reduced to  £ 20000 on installation of equipment, the contribution after meeting variable cost would be £ 30400 for each of 10 years except for 5th year, when the unit will be closed for overhauling for 4 weeks. In the fifth year the contribution will be  £29600. As there will also be an overhauling cost of  £8000, the net profit will reduce to  £1600 as compared to  £10400 in each year. However, in the 10th year the residual value of equipments of  £1000 will increase the profits to  £11400. These profits represent cash inflows for each year as depreciation on equipment has not been considered for calculation of such profits. These cash flows have been discounted at the rate of 20% (PVIF table multipliers for each year) in order to calculate the present value of cash inflows from the project.

Research and Product Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Research and Product Development - Essay Example On the other side, the collaboration could be disadvantageous to either both or one of the companies. A one sided effort is an example of how one of the companies could be disadvantaged in the collaboration, with only one company ripping all the benefits at the expense of the other. Cultural differences between the companies can also affect the whole process to the extent that the research goal is not met hence both companies losing out. An industry can gang up on one company that comes up with new technology because of market competition. The industry may feel that the introduction of a new technology on the market would reduce their customer base that would reduce their profits. Therefore, companies may come together and gang up against the new company with the new technology to deny it market access and availability. The ganging up by the industry may cause the company with the new technology to allow it to be more open for the market due to aggressiveness. The new technology may stand the gang up and create profits and awareness for the new company (McKelvey,

Business objectives from an ethical perspective Essay

Business objectives from an ethical perspective - Essay Example Business objectives from an ethical perspective In order to achieve its objectives rightly, there are important measures a business has to refer to in its quest to achieve set objectives, these are the business ethics. Business ethics refers to a certain kind of applied or professional ethics, whose role in business is to make an examination of the manner in which moral values are followed in the business environment. It is important that a business, having set its objectives, devise ethical values to govern the manner in which it conducts its internal and external activities in achieving its set objectives. Business ethics defines the manner in which a business treats its staff, manages their affairs and responds to arising issues satisfactorily. At the same time, business ethics plays an important role in the way a business relates with its external environment, it ensures that competition is done in the best interest of all players in the industry. If a business fails to observe business ethics, then it is bound to affect its i nternal and external business operations including a possible confrontation with its stakeholders. Pfizer being a global company; it has a global vision of researching, manufacturing and delivering medicines for all people around the world. In this understanding, the company has created a statement upon which it operates, that is, â€Å"good health is vital† to all people. It has a major corporate objective of producing medicines that can prevent several diseases, currently; the company is working extensively to produce medicines that can cure and prevent some of the world’s most terminal diseases like Alzheimer’s and cancer among others.

Student Accomodations in Lesson Planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Student Accomodations in Lesson Planning - Essay Example This emphasis on creating hopes in students' heads so that they can work to make them into a reality is a contrast to putting all our energy into developing and creating an effective subject-centered lesson plan. Cooperative learning is effective in IEP education because hey help students to communicate and socialize. In contrast to other lesson formats, cooperative learning is based on discussions and group work. The main similarities between these formats are that they set clear objectives and require instructions; they check understanding and have a practical application step. The main difference is that discovery lesson and cooperative learning models require additional equipment and assessment, while a critical thinking model uses evaluation step. It means being totally involved, completely engaged in doing one's schoolwork. It means total attentiveness and participation in the learning activity (Bateman, 2006). 2. The essential elements of IEP are general intelligence, emotional intelligence, academics: health issues and effective communication. Also, each EIP should have clear ejectives and aims, measurable and observable behavior and stipulated assessment criteria. In a standardized lesson format, a critical thinking model can be used as a frame work of the lesson plan. ... del implies sessions in which teachers encourage students to imagine what it would be like to be successful (including how it might be scary in some ways); how they would feel to know the subject well, to get a good grade, to get approval from their parents and teachers. Students as well as athletes need hopes; not just problems, not just the current reality (Irvine et al 2000). Cooperative model can be a part of the lesson required discussions and personal opinion. Students can begin to focus on improving those areas that are particularly retarding their school success, whether it be some character trait, a health issue, self-management skills, self-defeating ways they think, writing skills, and so forth. To do that, a student is going to have to learn to ask for and accept help from the school. And the school and community, from their side, must be prepared to give the help students need. For example, if a student sees that he has a problem with alcohol that is getting in the way, somewhere in his world there has to be people and programs waiting to respond. The general accommodations for students should involve the use of yellow chalk to reduce glare, the teacher should repeat words written on the blackboard, it is better to use only black print handouts, alternative assignments should be proposed to students who cannot follow the lesson plan. A special attention should be paid to starting, lighting, timing (extended time for tests and more breaks), repeat presentations and immediate response, special test preparation. Sorting students by ability, past achievement, or skill, or whatever, narrows the range of diversity in a classroom and enables teachers to gear materials, assignments, and content to the students' capabilities, interests, and styles. Moreover,

(Depend on the play) Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

(Depend on the play) - Movie Review Example Its capability to transform simple objects into more valuable things tickles one’s imagination. It challenges character for one to be who he is not, where ever, whenever. The magic that happens on stage can be deemed contagious, especially when the pixie dusts of theatre arts touch the mind, heart and soul of the audience. First impression lasts, they say, but as for the play Midsummer Night’s Dream, it dominates. This first impression pushed the button of audience enthusiasm by simply creating impact from the set design and overall ambience of the theatre. The stage was set with a mini stage, circular with small wall- like structures and with three overlapping ramps. The set was white and glittery which created a magical feel for the magical play that it is. The different lighting designs created moods for scenes. It perfectly falls on the white palette of the stage. The music engaged the audience to their emotions while watching the play. The simple wonders crafted from set, music and lights design gave amazing effects to the ambience of the play, and improved overall performance. Speaking of performance, the actors were impressive. Individual characterization was effective. The actors seem to be in real connection to the fictional character that they are portraying. Line mastery is essential in acting but to transcend with it is the bigger challenge. To achieve the desired effect to the audience the actors need to commit to the character, in such a way that even their nails embody the nails of the portrayed character. The characters optics, kinesics, and movement are also some essentials that were excellently achieved by the actors. Costumes also greatly contributed in the production value and effectiveness of the production. Midsummer Night’s Dream is a fantasy play with queens, kings, fairies, and the like. The intricately designed costumes talk about the personality of the character the moment the actor stands on stage. Props are

Wool Trade Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Wool Trade - Research Proposal Example A need for food imports to a certain extent was the consequence of this practice.2 The industrial revolution is generally viewed as a continuous, self-sustaining process of economic growth with the presence of production and consumption.3 However, there is evidence leading to the point that standards of food consumption of the rural poor has deteriorated to a predominantly bread and cheese diet since the enclosure system took away their pasturage and land.4 The occurrence of the Industrial Revolution created an impact contrary to that of agrarian revolution. The industrial Revolution opened the doors for enterprise and industry in which the Enclosure removed the opportunity of the small man.5 Before the eminence of wool trade, most European countries made cloth for domestic consumption although certain areas produced looms and dyeshops which found a market al over Europe and the Near East.6 With all these scenarios, certain forms of agrarian organizations detached themselves from the general picture and continued on with the traditional feudal setting. The medieval village continued to be self-sufficing despite the economic transformation of the social system and produced the bulk of food.7 It was England which was the largest and most imp... This paper aims to look at how the First Enclosure act influenced the industrial revolution of the 19th century which led to an industry that led to progress. Statement of the Problem This study seeks to determine how the First Enclosure act influenced the industrial revolution of the 19th century which led to an industry that led to progress. Specifically, it aims to answer the following questions: 1. What are the factors that led to the progress of the wool trade in the 19th century 2. How did the wool trade sustain the transformation of the mode of production from self-subsistence to capitalist production 3. How did the first enclosure act safeguard the emergence of the industrial revolution of the 19th century Significance of the Study This study is significant to a number of persons within the same domain as its theme, such as students and future researchers. For the students, it can help them further understand the relevance of the wool trade in relation to the bourgeoning of the present trade liberalization policies and practices. For future researchers, this study can serve as a secondary material in their furtherance of a research on the similar subject. Members of the academe can benefit from this study by making it a reference material on related subjects. Conceptual Paradigm The conceptual paradigm of this study operates in the illustration below: Research Methods The methods to be employed in this research are descriptive-qualitative method, historical analysis, and case studies. As a qualitative research, the study is concerned with process rater than outcomes or products.9 As a historical research, the historical analysis to be employed is based on the systematic collection and evaluation of data related to past occurrences in

Todays Changing Families Essay Example for Free

Todays Changing Families Essay Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Parents play a crucial role in almost every aspect of a child’s development, especially because they are the first people who get to teach them basic knowledge from the time of their birth. They are the ones who teach them, or at least, helped them learn, basic skills such as walking, speaking, and other things that they can use for the development of other skills. Aside from directly teaching or training them to these basic skills, the presence of the parents also contributes to the child’s emotional state. Parents who give their children their full attention would be a factor for to the child’s happiness, usually resulting to children who are generally more lively and expressive of their own feelings. The emotional state of a child is extremely important to give time to because it ripples almost to all the other areas of the child’s life. It affects the child’s motivation to do other things, including the manner by which he or she deals and intereacts with peers. Lack of proper nurturing may result in an unhappy child and may develop in other behavior problems. In recent years, depression in children, from infants to pre-schoolers, had been recognized as a clinical disorder similar to depression in adults. This can be characterized by a child’s lack of facial expression, temper problems, frequent tantrums, and other symptoms. Usually, this condition arises because of the lack of time devoted by the parents for their children. Another reason could be various family problems that can even prove to be traumatic to a child’s memory, resulting to fears and other behavior problems. Family problems are commonly attributed to conflicts between parents for different   reasons. These conflicts may develop into bigger and chronic relationship problems that could lead to divorce and separation whose unpleasant effects would fall on the child, as such problems would render the important development stages unattended to. This is to add to other traumatic experiences that the child may experience along the process. Not only quarrels between parents can affect the child’s emotional state. When both parents are working, they may not be able to spend quality time with their children. Usually working parents seeks the help of caretakers during the day which would take the place of the nurturing that should have come from the parents. There are available daycare schools that offers this services, but it is argued that the development of a child is still better handled by his or her own parents. Parents who work during the day most probably would not get to know their children well, as they are not physically involved in taking care of the child, and this proximity plays an important role in the development of their relationship. When a child is inflicted with depression, it can manifest in different ways. Usually this would come in the form of tantrums or anger, and would try to get the parents’ attention as much he or she could. The child would try harder to do get their attention when the parents do not give it already, but when they child was still not able to get the attention he or she wants, the child may give up and go to a state where the child distances himself from the parents. This is considered as the children’s defense mechanism against the possible future emotional pain that can be inflicted once the attachment grows and the parent does not give enough attention to the child. Quality time as an important factor Spending time with children is vital in order to achieve a healthy relationship between parents and their children. This will not be possible if the parents themselves are not ready to parenting life, or are just plainly immature to handle the responsibilities that being a parent entails. Raising children requires a lot of time and sacrifices for both parents and should be very well planned as part of family development. Some even consider parenting as a career choice and deems it necessary to choose between a job and being a parent. Quality time could be difficult to come by when both parents are busy doing their own jobs. As such, the relationship between parent and child may not be well enough for a healthy growth of the child, as it could end up as the child feeling unloved and neglected. Usually the parents try to compensate their lack of time by rewarding the child with material things, but it is only a matter of time before the child realizes that it’s not really what he or she wants. These are the cases in which the parents may not know a lot about the child’s personal life, even when the child has grown to an adult, as personal involvement was not encouraged nor practiced. Also, when both parents are too preoccupied with their own concerns against each other, such as feelings of jealousy and anger out of his or her partner, they may both end up neglecting the social and emotional needs of their child. Coupled with traumatic quarrels, this may well mark to the child’s memory and something he or she does not want to look back on. Effects of Divorce Usually the main issues during during events of divorce are the differences between the parents. But the effects of divorce to a child’s mentality is different, and would require a close inspaction. Divorce needs to be viewed as a permanent condition that goes far beyond the issues about custody and arrangements between their parents. During a study, it is found out that children who had divorced parents got into drugs and alcohol. Also, it was found out that these children have the fear of intimacy and generally became loners. Aside from this, it is revealed that one-third of these children finished only up to high school education. Role of parents with the child’s education   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Since the parents are considered the first teachers of their children, they play vital role in the schooling of the child. It had been studied that the involvement of parents with school activities greatly improves the children’s learning abilities. In this regard, schools are encouraged to foster and maintain activities involving the parents of the students. These activities includes family days where the parents would visit the school for a gathering and get to know the other parents of the students. Also, some schools have associations for teachers and parents that serve as a venue to air concerns and suggestions as how to improve the leadning processes of the school.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This is true for all levels, including elementary, high school and university. Activities are not limited to those inside the school as parent-involvement through helping in school work taken at home can also help. Aside from it creating a bond between the child and the parents, it helps in the child’s education. During times that the parents visit the school, it is vital that they get to communicate with the teachers so they can form an understanding and assessment as to how a child had been doing. This way, any problems can be discussed and addressed accordingly. References CBC News. (May 4, 2004) Fewer Canadian marriages end in divorce. Retrieved February 27, 2008, from http://www.cbc.ca/canada/story/2004/05/04/divorce040504.html Child Development Institute. Research Shows Parent Involvement in Education Important To Student Success. Retrieved February 27, 2008, from http://www.childdevelopmentinfo.com/ Divorce Law FYI. What is Divorce? Retrieved February 27, 2008, from http://www.divorcelawfyi.com/ Divorce Magazine. Divorce Statistics. Retrieved February 27, 2008, from http://www.divorcemag.com/statistics/statsUS.shtml Divorce Source Website. Stark Legacy of Pain for Kids of Divorce. Retrieved February 27, 2008, from http://www.divorcesource.com/CA/ARTICLES/starky.html Madison Libraries. Children of Divorce Research Guide. Retrieved February 27, 2008, from http://www.college.library.wisc.edu/research_guides/childdivorce.shtml