Insider Dealings in Nigeria - 2178 Words

â€Å"EXAMINE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE PROVISIONS OF THE INVESTMENT AND SECURITIES ACT (ISA 2007) ON INSIDER TRADING AGAINST THE BACK DROPS OF THE PROVISIONS OF THE CAMA 1990 AND THE COMMON LAW ON THE DUTIES OF DIRECTORS OF COMPANIES IN PREVENTING INSIDER RELATED OFFENCES AND PROTECTING THE INTEGRITY OF THE SECURITIES MARKET IN NIGERIA PRIOR TO AND IN THE MODERN ERA OF THE INTERNET.† SUBMITTED BY AYODELE DOYINSOLA .O LAW/2007/100 DEPARTMENT OF LAW OBAFEMI AWOLOWO UNIVERSITY ILE-IFE OSUN STATE TO PROFESSOR M.T. OKRORODUDU-FUBARA IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE COURSE â€Å"LAW OF BUSINESS ASSOCIATION† (BUL 502) Concept of Insider dealing One of the areas of company law in which the general equitable rules seem to be inadequate to protect the†¦show more content†¦For example, a fiduciary relationship exist between two parties, when a party expects the other to act for him in such a manner as he would act in absolute honesty, faithfulness and diligence, not minding the fact that he is acting for someone else. If he cannot steal his personal money, then he cannot steal the money put in his care. Common law provides quite a number of duties of a director to a company, however, only few of them relates with insider dealings. Some of these duties include: The duty to act bonafide in the Company’s interest. A director is expected to act honestly, diligently and faithfully in the best interest of the comp- any. This duty is however relative. What happens to be in the best interest of the company to a director may differ from the shareholders view. In the case of Park v. Daily Times Ltd., the court held that the directors had acted improperly and not bonafide for the company’s interest, when they made redundancy payments to the company’s employees on the cessation of the company’s business. Duty to avoid conflict of Interest. In the performance of his duties, a director must not allow a conflict of interest between him and the company. To be strictly avoided are instances in which a director’s personal interest would conflict with the interest of the company, which he is expected to protect. This was the situation in Industrial Development Consultants Ltd.Show MoreRelatedInsider Dealings in Nigeria2188 Words   |  9 Pagesâ€Å"EXAMINE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE PROVISIONS OF THE INVESTMENT AND SECURITIES ACT (ISA 2007) ON INSIDER TRADING AGAINST THE BACK DROPS OF THE PROVISIONS OF THE CAMA 1990 AND THE COMMON LAW ON THE DUTIES OF DIRECTORS OF COMPANIES IN PREVENTING INSIDER RELATED OFFENCES AND PROTECTING THE INTEGRITY OF THE SECURITIES MARKET IN NIGERIA PRIOR TO AND IN THE MODERN ERA OF THE INTERNET.† SUBMITTED BY AYODELE DOYINSOLA .O LAW/2007/100 DEPARTMENT OF LAW OBAFEMI AWOLOWO UNIVERSITY ILE-IFE OSUN STATE TO PROFESSORRead MoreThe Importance of Law (Legal Back Up) to an Individual, Organization and Economy of a Country at Large2170 Words   |  9 Pagesoften said that there is no better test of the excellence of a government than the efficiency of its leaders, hence this programme; Leadership Training and Career Development is relevant in this period of the political dispensation of our country, Nigeria. 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Consistent with prior work, I also demonstrate that reporting practices in countries with stronger regulation and enforcement tend to be more transparent based on widely used transparency (or opacity)Read MoreFraud as a Negative Catalyst in the Nigerian Banking Industry5170 Words   |  21 PagesEmerging Trends in Economics and Management Sciences (JETEMS) 2(5):357-363 (ISSN:2141-7024) Fraud as a Negative Catalyst in the Nigerian Banking Industry Akindele R.I Department of Management and accounting Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria ___________________________________________________________________________ Abstract Fraud in the Nigerian Banking Industry before the recent merger and acquisition and recapitalisation efforts was at alarming rate. It has caused many banks to collapseRead MoreFemale Genital Circumcision Female genital circumcision (FGC) is a cultural ritual that is2800 Words   |  12 Pagessafer environment for the ritual to be performed in. The goal of this essay is to know what Female Genital Circumcision is and different types of FGC and why this is performed and why it is important for outsiders to not have ethnocentric views when dealing with this. This essay also deals with why it should be medicalized instead of enforcing laws to ban this years long tradition in all African countries. When challenging female genital circumcision, we are also challenging the people who perform thisRead MoreThe Accounting Profession and Nat39077 Words   |  157 Pagescorrespondence, enquiries, contributions and research notes should be submitted to: The Editor, The Journal of Accounting, C/o Nigerian College of Accountancy, Plot 42T Bauchi Ring Road, Dogon Dutse, P. M. B. 2734, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria. Subscription Rates: Nigeria Outside Nigeria - N1000 (Exclusive of postage) N1000 $10 (Exclusive of postage) Prof. Edet R. Iwok Editor-in-Chief iv EDITORIAL Like any other profession, Accounting is not static. It constantly responds to the dynamism ofRead MoreAbolition of Universal Banking in Nigeria - Implication for Nigerian Banks10849 Words   |  44 Pagesdomesticating the proposal and making further amendment in line with the peculiarities of their country’s financial system. In apparent response to the developments in global financial community especially the new Basel III, the Central Bank of Nigeria in a Circular No. BSD/DIR/GEN/UBM/03/025 dated September 7, 2010 gave hint to abolishing the operation of the 10-year old universal banking concept. Some of the reasons proffered by the regulatory body for the abolition include the enhancement ofRead MoreFeatures of Decision Making in a Political System2405 Words   |  10 Pagespolitical system might not be as significant in another (Lowery, Poppelaars and Berkhout 2008). 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Essay on Justice vs. Morality in Measure for Measure and...

Justice vs. Morality in Measure for Measure and Merchant of Venice There are many similarities shared between Shakespeares plays, Measure for Measure, and The Merchant of Venice. The underlying theme of each work is well defined by the phrase Justice without the temperance of mercy, is power misused. I will support this claim by drawing upon some of the characters and situations that are consistent in each story. In each story a mans life depends on the interpretation, and sanctioning of justice. In the, Merchant of Venice, Antonio (who I believe represents mercy), had sealed a bond with Shylock offering a pound of his flesh for the loan of three thousand ducats. Unfortunately he forfeits this bond, (Merchant†¦show more content†¦For Antonio it was his love of Bassanio and his strong desire to see him prosper, (Merchant I,i) ... My purse, my person, my extremist means, Lie all unlockd to your occasions.. Cladio too acted out of love and devotion to the woman he meant for his wife, yet didnt hold the papers for. In both situations cases are made not necessarily to debunk justice, however instead to allow for judgment interwoven with mercy. For Antonios sake Portia (acting as Balthazar), offers Shylock a plea of humanity, (Merchant IV,i) The quality of mercy is not straind,... Tis mightiest in the mightiest... It is enthroned in the heart of kings, It is an attribute to God himself..., yet none of this causes Shylock to sway from his original position, (Merchant IV,i) My deeds upon my head! I crave the law, The penalty and forfeit of my bond.. In, Measure for Measure it was Isabella attempting to soften the heart of Angelo, (Measure II,ii) ... Go to your bosom, Knock there, and ask your heart what it doth know Thats like my brothers fault.... Now the plot in this story is much thicker, and Angelo had another agenda (i.e.. getting Isabella in bed), her pleas ended with the same result as those of Portia, (Measure II,iv) Nay, but hear me, Your sense pursues not mine..., Then must your brother die. In both situations there is a strong, and legitimate case for either argument. On the one hand you haveShow MoreRelatedA Picatrix Miscellany52019 Words   |  209 Pagesanother clue to an oral tradition behind it. The entire epics of Homer were composed orally and committed to someone’s memory. Both epics are longer than the Picatrix, so it was possible for a trained person to learn it off by heart. Twelve Solar vs. Twenty-Eight Divisions The Picatrix material produced many surprises for me. For example in the Middle Ages it was thought that the unlucky Via Combusta was shorter, extending from only 18 deg. Libra to 3 deg. Scorpio. The main surprise was that elections

Biography of an Indigenous Person

Question: Discuss about theBiography of an Indigenous Person. Answer: Introduction: The Indigenous people of Australia have suffered a lot after the British colonization. The impact of this colonization have left a deep impact as the people suffered mental health, psychological health, and spiritual good-being (Ewen et al., 2013). These people were very much attached to their traditional life and culture which was ruined by the colonization. Therefore they require care and a good level of understanding than the non-indigenous ones. As per the report of Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2009, the loss of identity and mental health were the two important issues that the indigenous people faced as a result of colonization. The Australian Bureau of Statistics has shown an interconnection between the above issues with the cultural issue (Stoneham et al., 2014). There are many famous personalities among the Indigenous populations who have also suffered such issues in their life. Cathy Freeman was a famous Olympic athlete who belonged to the Australian indigenous community. She was the first Indigenous to represent Australia in the Olympics. Her biography revealed that she suffered from diabetes disease which was an obstruction in her career. Her life experiences throw light on the fact that being a member of the indigenous community of Australia, her health related issues were not equally treated like the non-indigenous population. This health issues and heath treatment differences would be discussed in the biography. Cathy Freeman is an Indigenous Australian Olympic athlete, who was born on 16 February 1973 (White, 2013). Her native birthplace is Mackay, Queensland, which is one of the remote areas of the Aboriginals. Her other family members used to stay in Woorabinda, which is an Aboriginal mission. Later on, she moved with her family to Hugehendan, which was on the outskirts of South Queensland. She was a passionate athlete from her early childhood days. Her passion for sports was helped and encouraged by her school teacher and also by other people. As she grew older, her passion for athletics became stronger, and she was determined to bag the Olympic medal for running. In 1986, Cathy was awarded the scholarship for Fairholme College. Cathy was always discriminated for her color and many times she has to face humiliation for being an Aboriginal. During a health checkup it was discovered that Cathy was suffering from type 2 diabetes. (Perso et al., 2012). The diagnosed report surprised Cathy to a great extent since there were no obvious symptoms that would indicate her about her health issues. According to her she was confident enough about her healthy condition due to her sporting career and never thought she can ever experience such health issues. As discussed by Langton et al. (2014), exercise is one of the best ways to stay healthy and manage diabetes since it lowers the glucose level in blood. Thus, emotionally and psychologically she was happy after gathering this knowledge because Cathy thought she could continue her career without much complications. Although later on her career graph showed a declination, she could pursue her career even after getting affected by diabetes with her zeal. Discipline is an important driver of personal transformation. Her disciplined career helped her to manage her diabetic condition through medicine, blood tests and insulin injections (Bruce Wensing 2012). It has been observed that the incidence of diabetes is higher in the indigenous people rather than the non-indigenous one (Lovett, 2014). The factors behind this are the age and the living conditions. Since, the indigenous people lived in very remote areas where there is no access to proper nutrition, hygiene and access to health care facilities (Langton et al., 2014). According to the AATSIHS, 9% indigenous people were known to suffer from diabetes. According to Cathy Freeman, an individuals positive attitude towards life helps in speedy recovery of ones health. As per Cathys statement diabetes is a health issue that was also suffered by her parents. It can be analyzed that her condition provided emotional disturbances in her family and community since Cathy was a source of happiness and pride for the whole indigenous population. But her husband and family members provided her constant support (Burrow Ride 2016). The experiences of Cathy Freeman are an example which shows that the Australian system did not show equality among the people and did not treat people with justice. She experienced certain health inequalities in terms of medical treatment. This imposed psychological effect in her as well as her family and community. Even though she made the country proud through her achievements her medical treatment was not equal to that of the non-indigenous population. As stated by Kaidonis et al. (2014), the health issues of the indigenous people were just not due to the inadequate nutrition, or low living conditions but also due to the psychological effect which they had because of the racial discrimination (Langton et al., 2014). As per AIHW, 2009, the statistics shows that the rate of mental health cases is more than the non-indigenous communities (FUNDING, 2014). The experiences of Cathy Freeman are an example which shows that the Australian system did not show equality among the people and did not treat people with justice. They also dint give them the cultural and psychological respect and equality they deserved. The indigenous people have suffered a lot because of identity loss and mental health issues. These differences were because the indigenous people were not given the full rights as the White Australians use to get (Bruce Wensing, 2012). According to Ewen et al. (2012), in the recent past Cathy Freeman has participated in campaigns to reduce the number of diabetes affected individuals among Australians and the indigenous community. Addition to this she participated in 5 kilometers with diabetes fun run during the celebration of National Diabetes Week for the lives of around one and a half million diabetic Australians. She was followed by one sixty individuals who are either victims of diabetes or have family members affected by this disease. He was concerned about the inequalities against the aboriginals. Thus, in the year 2007, Catherine Freeman along with Ian Thorpe bestowed help in launching the campaign at the Telstra Stadium. This campaign was done in order to address the various health issues related to the indigenous population. Moreover, Cathy participated in The Bankstown Koori Womens Fun Olympics. This attracted members from her community (Burrow, S., Ride, K. (2016). Therefore, it could be said that though the Australian government introduced policies for the indigenous community they were not given that respect and equality which they should be getting. She can thus be regarded as a role model in the field of health promotion. The experience of Cathy Freeman was an example for the public that when inequality is acknowledged, then the Indigenous Australians could be extremely resilient when they are made to live and face the challenges of a non- indigenous (Kaidonis et al., 2014).This was proved by Cathy Freeman, who being the indigenous became a great athlete surviving diabetes and fought for the health equality for her community. Her contributions continued to serve for the betterment of the members of her community. Cathys continued work for her community became an important determinant for closing the gap and also helped in improving the health outcomes. References: Bruce, T., Wensing, E. (2012). The Olympics and indigenous peoples: Australia. InThe Palgrave handbook of Olympic Studies(pp. 487-504). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Burrow, S., Ride, K. (2016). Review of diabetes among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. Ewen, S., Mazel, O., Knoche, D. (2012). Exposing the hidden curriculum influencing medical education on the health of Indigenous people in Australia and New Zealand: the role of the critical reflection tool.Academic Medicine,87(2), 200-205. FUNDING, C. (2014). Overview of Australian Indigenous health status 2013 Kaidonis, G., Mills, R. A., Landers, J., Lake, S. R., Burdon, K. P., Craig, J. E. (2014). Review of the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in Indigenous Australians.Clinical experimental ophthalmology,42(9), 875-882 Langton, M., Palmer, L., Rhea, Z. M. (2014). Community-oriented protected areas for indigenous peoples and local communities.Indigenous Peoples, National Parks, and Protected Areas: A New Paradigm Linking Conservation, Culture, and Rights, 84. Lovett, R. (2014). A history of health services for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people.Yatdjuligin: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Nursing and Midwifery Care, 31. Perso, T., Kenyon, P., Darrough, N. (2012). Transitioning indigenous students to western schooling: A culturally responsive program. In17th Annual Values Leadership Conference, Brisbane Convention Entertainment Centre. https://www. acu. edu. au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/464723/Perso, _Thelma, _Kenyon, _Pam_and_Darrough, _Neila_Refereed. pdf. Stoneham, M. J., Goodman, J., Daube, M. (2014). The portrayal of Indigenous health in selected Australian media.The International Indigenous Policy Journal,5(1), 5. White, L. (2013). Cathy Freeman and Australias indigenous heritage: A new beginning for an old nation at the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games.International Journal of Heritage Studies,19(2), 153-170.

Question Paper Essay Example

Question Paper Essay COMMON GUIDELINES FOR MODEL QUESTION PAPER PATTERN In view of current challenges in imbibing quality in MBA education, the following changes are proposed by the Board of Examination in the Evaluation pattern of I Semester MBA from Jan/Feb 2012 examination on wards. Construct of Question Paper All 8 Modules should be given importance and questions need to be jumbled from all modules. No question should be set from practical component part of the syllabus. Theory based courses Subjects Knowledge based questions 1. Any 3 questions to be answered by setting 6 questions. 2. All modules must be given equal importance 12MBA11, 12MBA12,12MBA15 and 12MBA16 Q1- 3 + 7 +10 Q2- 3 + 7 +10 Q3- 3 + 7 +10 Q4- 5+5+10 Q5- 5+5+10 Q6- 5+15 or 10+10 Note: In 12 MBA 12, : One full question (all parts) consisting of simple problems from Mod 3 (Except Demand forecasting) and Mod 8 only to be set. Q7- a. b. c. d. 5X4 = 20 marks Q8. a. Theoretical model for analyzing case b. Sub question 1 c. Sub question 2 d. Sub question 3 5X4=20 Marks Theory+ Problem based courses (40% Theory + 60% Problems) 12MBA13 12MBA14 Q1- 3 + 7 +10 Q2- 3 + 7 +10 Q3- 3 + 7 +10 Q4- 5+5+10 Q5- 5+5+10 Q6- 5+15 or 10+10 Note: One full question (all parts) must be full of theory only Skill based questions 1. One question Compulsory 2. Equal importance must be given for all modules Ability based question(s) Case let Compulsory Q7- a. b. c. d. 5X4 = 20 marks Q8. 10+10 or 5+15 or 5X4=20 Problem and / or theory combination. Content of Question Paper Part-A: Knowledge based questions (Q1 to Q6 Answer any 3) A. Mark questions Short questions which demand answer not more than a paragraph and which test the understanding of concept of the contents prescribed in the syllabus. Answering this should not take more than 4 minutes by an average student. B. 5 Marks questionsSemi-descriptive questions which demand answer not more than two paragraphs and which test the understanding of concept and / or scope of the concept or short pro blem. Answering this should not take more than 7 minutes by an average student. C. Marks questionsDescriptive questions which demand answer not more than 0ne page which test the understanding of the scope and description of the contents or moderate problem of the syllabus. Answering this should not take more than 10 minutes by an average student. D. 10 Marks questionsEssay questions which demand answer not more than 3 pages which test the understanding of concept with practical illustrations of the contents or long problem of the syllabus. Answering this should not take more than 15 minutes by an average student. E. 5 Marks questionsNarrative Essay question which demands answer not more 4 pages which test the narrative ability of student related to the concept and its scope with practical illustrations or a very lengthy problem of the syllabus. Answering this should not take more than 22 minutes by an average student. Part-B: Skill based questions (Q7 Compulsory) 5 Marks X 4 Questio nsThis question tests the degree of skill acquired by the student in the subject area of prescribed syllabus. This should cover the application part of the contents of the syllabus. Answering this should not take more than 30 minutes by an average student. We will write a custom essay sample on Question Paper specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Question Paper specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Question Paper specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Part-C: Ability based questions (Q8 Compulsory) 5 Marks Question – This question is to test the selection of theoretical model used in case analysis. 5MarksX3 Questions – These questions are to test ability acquired by the Students to analyze the case and to provide the trivial solutions to the case situation. Answering this should not take more than 30 minutes by an average student. Note: Refer Question Bank and model question paper(s) for more clarity. 12MBA11 MANAGING THE ORGANISATION Model Skill based questions 1. †An employee is dissatisfied as he was reporting to two bosses†. ow do you solve this problem? -Fayal’s Principles 2. â€Å"An Honest individual is made in charge of marketing department. In due course he developed negative job efficacy† how do you address this problem? -Role disability 3. In the sky the clouds take the different shapes of imagination. Why? Perception 4. Sham got his double increment in salary of Jan 2012. His mot ivational graph turned down by July 2012 after settling his proposed budget for that month. Describe why? Maslow’s 5. â€Å"Defense people are more effective than civilian† substantiate-Leadership style 6. Modern Indian management is more powerful rather than traditional† SubstantiateTheory X and Theory Y 7. â€Å"The out punch time of a boss will be first out punch in an organization† Substantiate. — Organization Culture 8. â€Å"While reworking the defective product, more mistakes will happen† Substantiate. Work stress 9. â€Å"The CEO is thinking of uniformity of production, where as the marketing executive focus for high production to match the demand† Who is correct? Why? Strategic and operational decision making Managing Organisations-12MBA11 Model Question paper PART- A Answer any three full questions 1 (a) Define Personality. b) What are the different types of Control? Give an example for each. (c) Explain the managerial roles expected by modern organizations. 2. (a) What is empowerment? (b) Differentiate between groups and teams. (c) Explain the personality attributes influencing OB. 3. (a) What is Esprit de Corps? (b) â€Å"Planning and Controlling are inseparable†. Comment (c ) Explain the perceptual process with suitable examples 4. (a) What is an ideal span of control? Why? (5marks) (5 marks) (3 marks) (7 marks) (10 marks) (3 marks) (7 marks) (10 marks) (3 marks) (7 marks) (10 marks) b) â€Å"Too many controls in an organization declines creativity†. Comment. ( C) An employee is extremely productive, but has been showing signs of work stress and is facing problems adapting to organization culture. As a manager how would you handle this employee? (10 marks) 5. (a )State the techniques used in decision making? Which technique will you adopt? (5 marks) (b) Write a note on contribution of Peter F Drucker to the evolution of management thought. (5 marks) (C)State the different types of orga nization structures in use? Explain any one 6. (a) What are the dimensions of emotional intelligence ? b) State any five principles of Henry Fayal. (c ) Explain the role of emotions in the formation of attitude . (10 marks) (5 marks) (5 marks) (10 marks) PART- B ( compulsory) 4X5 Marks=20 7. (a). Abnormal features always have long perceptivity. Why? (b) Setting objective in advance and chasing is good for Individual and organization. Substantiate (c) It has often been stated that most work within an organization is done informally. Comment (d) In modern organization, the employee and employer relationship is mandatory. However, the conflicts arise. How do you resolve this? 8. Case Study PART- C (compulsory) Mr. Ranjan Kumar is the Managing Director of a soap manufacturing company. To increase sales, the Board of Directors wanted to start a full fledged marketing department; Mr. Kumar is entrusted with the task of finding a suitable candidate to head the proposed marketing department. After considering a number of candidates, he has narrowed down his choice to two persons: Vishwanath Dutt and Rajnarain. Mr. Vishwanath Dutt has excellent track record in the company. During his fruitful association with the company, to be precise 10 years, he has always shown a high degree of enthusiasm and initiative in his work. He is still young (35 years) dynamic and aggressive. He is result oriented and he is more interested in ends rather than means. One of the workers testifying his leadership quality remarked thus: â€Å"Though he is harsh at times you will know where you stand when you work with him. When you have done a good job, he lets you know it†. Mr. Dutt is willing to shoulder additional responsibilities. He decides things quickly and when action is required. He is „always on his toes?. During his fifteen years tenure in the company, Mr. Rajnarain has endeared himself to all his colleagues by his superior workman ship and pleasing manners. He always believes in the principle of employee participation in the decision making process. Unlike Mr. Dutt, he encourages his subordinates to come out with innovative ideas and useful suggestions. Before arriving at a decision he always makes it a point to consult his subordinate. Not surprisingly, all his subordinates are very pleased to work under him and praise his leadership qualities. Company records also bear evidence for the increase in the production soon after Rajnarain became the head of his department. Questions: a. b. c. d. (5X4=20 marks) State the theoretical model used to analyze this case. Analyze the leadership qualities and styles of Mr. Dutt. Analyse the leadership qualities and styles of Mr. Rajnarain. Whom do you recommend for the position of marketing manager? Why? 12MBA12-Managerial Economics Some Skill Based Sample Questions and Problems 1. Prospective car buyers are sometimes confronted by sales representatives who argue that they can offer a vehicle that is Honda Civic as good as a BMW, but at one-half the price. Use the indifference concept to explain why the claims of the sales representative are not credible. 2. Following a price change for Diet Coke, explain how retailers use sales information to learn if Lays snack chips represent a complement or substitute for Diet Coke. 3. During the past 40 years the average price of a new single-family home has risen by a factor of ten, making the cost of housing prohibitive for many Indians. Over the same time frame, however, the number of units sold per year has more than doubled. Are these data inconsistent with the idea of a downward-sloping demand curve for new housing? 4. What would an upward-sloping demand curve imply about the marginal utility derived from consumption? Why arent upward sloping demand curves observed in the real world? 5. Forecasting the success of new product introductions is difficult. Describe some of the economic factors that a firm might consider in forecasting sales for a new tooth paste. 6. Individual consumer demand declines for inferior goods as personal income increases because consumers replace them with more desirable alternatives. Is an inverse relation between demand and national income likely for such products? 7. The price a firm receives for its product is Rs. 50 per unit. Its total cost function is 8000 + 10Q. At what quantity do total costs equal total revenues? 8. KSRTC (Volvo Service) have a capacity to carry a maximum of 10,000 passengers per month from Bangalore to Hyderabad at a fare of Rs. 600. Variable costs are Rs. 100 per passenger and fixed costs are Rs. 30,000 per month. How many passengers should be carried per month to break even? 9. Suppose you are a sales manager of an organization. Explain how the analysis of demand contributes to business decision making, in the light of the responsibilities of a managerial economist/sales manager 10. Mr. Balakrishnan, the research manager for marketing at the Maruti Udyog Limited has specified the following demand function for Maruti Alto K10 in India: Qm= f (Pm,N,I,PH,PG,A P1) Where Qm, is the quantity demanded of Maruti Alto K10 per year, Pm is the price of Maruti Alto K10, N is population, I is the disposable income, PH is price of Hyundai, PG is price of gasoline, A is the amount of advertisement on Maruti Alto K10 and P1 is credit incentive to purchase Maruti Alto K10. Indicate whether you expect each independent or explanatory variable to be directly or inversely related to the quantity demanded of Maruti Alto K10 and the reason for your expectation. 11. Construct a hypothetical cost schedule and bring out the cost output relationships in the short run between output and TC, TFC, TVC, AC, AFC, AVC 12. The demand function for Pepsi in Bangalore city is Q=400-4P Where, Q=Quantity demanded of Pepsi (in „000 bottles per week), P=Price of Pepsi per bottle, Construct a demand curve assuming price Rs. 10, 12, 15, 20 and 25 per bottle 13. A firm manufactures cars at its plant in India. At a capacity of 100 cars per week it knows that it has an assembly cost of Rs. 5,000 per car. It needs to expand production and does a series of design and cost exercises. The results are summarized below. 12MBA12 MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS Time: 3 Hours All Questions carry equal marks MODEL PAPER Max Marks: 100 Part- A Answer Any Three questions 1. a. Define Managerial economics 3 Marks b. Suppose you are a sales manager of an organization. Explain how the analysis of demand contributes to business decision making, in the light of the responsibilities of a sales manager. 7 Marks c. What conditions are necessary before price discrimination is both possible and profitable? Why does price discrimination result in higher profits? 10 Marks 2. a. What is marginal cost? Marks b. Mention the salient features of long run average cost curve. What is its significance in managerial decision making? 7 Marks c. â€Å"Price leadership is an alternative co-operative method used to avoid tough competition†. Comment 10 Marks 3. a. What is Kink Demand Curve? 3 marks b. Critically examine the Cyert and March behavioral theory of the firm. 7 Marks c. What is production f unction? How does a long run production function is different from a short run production function? 10 Marks 4. a. â€Å"Managerial economics bridges the gap between economic theory and business practice†. Discuss 5 Marks b. Discuss the types of cartels with suitable examples from India 5 Marks c. Describe why Long Run Average Cost (LAC) curve is called as Planning Curve and envelope curve. 10 Marks 5. a. State the Law of Supply. List the factors which determine the elasticity of supply. 5 Marks b. Discuss various cost concepts 5 Marks c. â€Å"It is believed that a firm under perfect competition is a price-taker and not a price maker† Explain with examples. 10 Marks 6. a. What is the basic objective of a firm? Distinguish between „Accounting Profit? and „Economic Profit? ith the help of an illustration. 5 Marks b. Profit is maximum when the difference between total revenue and total cost is the greatest. How is this equivalent to saying that profit is maximum when MR=MC? 10 Marks Part – B (Compulsory) 7. a. KSRTC (Volvo Service) have a capacity to carry a maximum of 10,000 passengers per month from Bangalore to Hyderabad at a fare of Rs. 600. Variable costs a re Rs. 100 per passenger and fixed costs are Rs. 30,000 per month. How many passengers should be carried per month to break even? 5 Marks b. Suppose you are a sales manager of an organization. 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Define the target population for the research problem† Employee absenteeism† 4. Diesel price is hiked by 7 pm. On the same day by 9 pm news the opinion on hike has to be telecasted. Suggest the process of research design. (Non-probability sampling +Diesel vehicle owners + Interview technique) 5. The impact of Advertisement on sales is to be analyzed suggest the tools used. Why? ( Correlation) 6. The bus arriving at a terminal is to be forecasted. Suggest which method is used? Why? ( Probability) 7. The past sales records are available is it possible to forecast the future sales? How? ( Regression) 8. Is it possible to test the opinion given by the gender mix? How? ( Chi Square Test) 9. An opinion is collected between two strata employee on Dissatisfaction. How do you test the difference in opinion among the group and between the groups? Explain( Two way ANOVA) 10. In the research output the value of deficiency of data validation is 0. 25. Then how this value is calculated? 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(7 M) Wages (in Rs) No. f workers 0-10 4 10-20 16 20-30 X1 30-40 X2 40-50 X3 50-60 6 60-70 4 c) The marks scored by set of students are given below; Marks (Economics) : 25 28 35 32 31 36 29 38 34 32 Marks (Statistics) : 43 46 49 41 36 32 31 30 33 39 (10 M) Construct the regression equations. Calculate the most likely mark in statisticswhen mark in economics is 30. 4 a). â€Å"After settlement the average weekly wage in a factory had increased from Rs 800 to Rs 1200 and the standard deviation has increased from Rs 100 to Rs 150. Comment on the uniformity of the wages before and after the settlement. 5 M) b). An aero plane flies around a square the sides of which measure 100 km each. The aero plane covers at a speed of 100km/hr the first side, at 200 km/hr the seco nd side, at 300 km/hr the third side and at 400 km/hr the forth side. What is the average speed of the aero plane around the square? (5 M) c). A company maintains two regional offices. 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The aero plane covers at a speed of 100km/hr the first side, at 200 km/hr the second side, at 300 km/hr the third side and at 400 km/hr the forth side. What is the average speed of the aero plane around the square? (5 M) c). Find i) Inter quartile Range ii) Quartile deviation iii) Coefficient of Quartile deviation for the following distribution. (10M) Class Frequency 0-15 15-30 30-45 45-60 60-75 75-90 90-105 8 26 30 45 20 17 4 Part – B (Compulsory) 7 a). After applying the correlation test for the Variables Student performance with teacher performance the computed value for r is determined as 0. 9. Suggest your interpretation of results. (5M) b). In Z test, the table value is 1. 96 and computed value is 2. 0. State the result of Hypothesis. (5M) c). † Increase in sales is not due to only advertisements† Do you agree? What type of statistic test is to be applied in this case? (5M) d). The research involves sample of less than 30 . The analysis is done based on categorical data. 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Why? 4) Why do you think Liquidity ratio plays a key role in Banking Industry? Comment. 5) „Why capital is treated as a liability?. Justify. 6) A firm purchases 50 furniture worth Rs. 500000. A financial accountant of the firm has recorded only Rs. 500000 in journal ledger, but not 50 no. s of furnitures. Interpret using suitable accounting concept. ) â€Å"Balance Sheet is a statement, but not an account†. Comment. 8) Bring out the role played by the matching principle in the determination of business performance and financial position. 9) Is accrual basis of accounting is superior to cash basis of accounting in meeting the economic decision making needs of the users of financial statements? Why or Why not? 10) â€Å"Financial statements are the only basis for measuring the performance of a company†. Comment. 12MBA14 Accounting Time: 3 hrs. for Management Model Question Paper Max. Marks: 100 Note: 1. Answer any THREE full questions from Part-A. 2. Part-B and Part-C are compulsory. Part-A 1. a. What is Contra entry? Give example. b. Write a short on role of Forensic Accountant (3 Marks) (7 Marks) c. Give accounting equation for the following transactions of Hitesh for the year 2009. Started business with cash Rs. 18,000. (10 Marks) i. Paid rent in advance Rs. 400. ii. Purchased goods for cash Rs. 5000 and on credit Rs. 2,000. iii. Sold goods for cash Rs. 4,000 (costing Rs. 2,400). iv. Rent paid Rs. 1,000 and rent outstanding Rs. 200. v. Bought motor-cycle for personal use Rs. 500. vi. Purchased equipments for cash Rs. 500. vii. Paid to creditors Rs. 600. iii. Depreciation on equipment Rs. 25. ix. Business expenses Rs. 400. 2. a. What is MAOCARO? (3 Marks) b. Explain the need and benefit of Corporate Governance. (7 Marks) c. Record the following transaction in three column cash book. 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Share Capital Reserve Surplus Secured Loans Current Liabilities 50,00,000 15,00,000 35,00,000 50,00,000 40,00,000 Fixed Assets 31,00,000 30,00,000 Investments 1,50,000 5,00,000 Cash and Bank 40,00,000 Balances 2,00,000 1,25,000 60,00,000 Stocks, Stores, 75,00,000 78,75,000 WIP 40,00,000 35,00,000 Sundry Debtors 1,45,00,000 1,50,00,000 1,45,00,000 1,50,00,000 (i) The net profit for the year after adjustment in respect of provisions for dividends and taxation was Rs. 10,00,000 There was addition to Fixed Assets during the year amounting to Rs. 4,00,000 and Depreciation for the year was Rs. 3,00,000 4 a. What is Qualified Audit Report? State its contents (5 Marks) b. What is direct tax? State the Income tax rates for an individual for the Current A. Y. (5 Marks) c. The following Trial Balance has been prepared wrongly. You are asked to prepare the trial balance correctly. (10 Marks) Name of accounts Debit balance (Rs. ) 4,000 Credit balance (Rs. ) 2,000 Cash in hand Purchases returns Wages Establishment expenses Sales returns Capital Carriage outward Discount received Commission earned Machinery Stock Debtors Creditors Sales Purchases Bank overdraft Manufacturing expenses Loan from Ashok Carriage inward Interest on investment Grand total ,000 12,000 22,000 1,200 800 8,000 28,000 14,000 -14,000 ,1000 1,13,000 8,000 2,000 20,000 10,000 -12,000 44,000 -14,000 1000 1,13,000 5. a. State the objectives of IFRS. b. Briefly explain the merit demerits of Human Resource Accounting. (5 Marks) (5 Marks) c. â€Å"Without accounting concepts conventions, objective, reliable, consistent and comparable accounts cannot be maint ained†. Comment. (10 Marks) 6. a. What is window dressing? How financial statements are window dressed. (5 Marks) b. Mr. A has applied for the the position of Financial Analyst at EY Co. Ltd. The Head of Finance wants to assess the basic accounting skill sets of a candidate. The following information is provided in form of ratios to Mr. A to prepare the Balance Sheet given in the under mentioned proforma (15 Marks) Total Assets/ Net worth Sales/Fixed assets Sales/Current assets Sales/Inventory Sales/Debtors Current Ratio Annual Sales = Rs. 25, 00,000 = = = = = = 3. 5 6 8 15 18 2. 5 Balance Sheet Liabilities Net worth Long term Debt Current Liabilities Rs. Assets Fixed Assets Inventory Debtors Liquid Assets -Rs. - Assume you to be Mr. A, how will you prepare the Balance Sheet with necessary working notes. Part-B 7. a. Being a prospective Investor, Interpret the following from the view point of Liquidity. (5 Marks) Particulars Current Assets Bank A (Rs. ) 200000 Bank B (Rs. ) 800000 Fixed Assets Total Assets 800000 1000000 200000 1000000 Following are the income statements of Star Ltd. , Mumbai for the years 2010-2011. Trading Profit Loss Account 31. 03. 2011 Particulars 200000 By Sales 550000 By closing stock 80000 By Income from investment 64000 By dividend received 40000 60000 12000 7000 8000 14000 412500 1447500 1217000 1447500 Particulars To Opening Stock To Purchases To Wages To salaries To rent Taxes To Depreciation To selling expenses To discount allowed To loss on sale of Plant To interest paid To Net profit 31. 03. 2010 85000 500000 60000 42000 35000 40000 12000 5000 12000 426000 1217000 31. 03. 2010 31. 03. 2011 1000000 200000 1200000 225000 12000 5000 15000 7500 b. For the above problem analyse the Income Statement using â€Å"Horizontal analysis†. (5 Marks) c. For the above problem analyse the Income Statement using â€Å"Vertical analysis†. d. For the above problem comment on the profitability of the Company. . Part-C 8. (Case Study) (20 Marks) (5 Marks) (5 Marks) The following is the trial balance of Mr. X of Bombay as on 31st Dec. 2009. Prepare a trading and profit and loss account for the year ended 31st Dec. 2009 and the balance sheet as on that data after taking into consideration the following adjustments. Adjustments: i. Stock on 31st Dec. 2009 was Rs. 10,000. ii. Debts worth Rs. 2000 should be written off as bad. iii. Depreciate machinery by 5% and motor vans by 15%. iv. Provision for bad doubtful debts should be increased by Rs. 600. v. Commission accrued not received Rs. 500. vi. Goods worth Rs. 500 were used by the proprietor for his personal use. ii. On 20th Dec. 2009, a fire broke out in the shop goods worth Rs. 2000 were completely destroyed. The insurance company accepted the claim for Rs. 1500 only paid the amount on 1st Jan 2010. Trial Balance as on 31st Dec. 2009 Particulars Mr. X Capital Mr. X Drawings Stock on 1st Jan 2009 Purchase Sales Returns Discounts Commission received Income Tax paid Office Salaries Office Rent Advertising Sundry Debtors Creditors Provision for doubtful debts Manufacturing Wages Bills Receivable Payable Carriage Machinery Motor Vans Land Buildings Office Expenses Cash at Bank Cash in hand TOTAL Dr 7500 12000 86000 2000 500 700 17300 2000 1700 85000 8600 5000 600 40000 7000 10000 1500 6000 2300 295700 Cr 85000 170000 1000 700 1000 30000 3000 5000 295700 Information Technology for Managers Sub Code: 12MBA15 Question Bank (Skill Based questions) A) The regional director of a marketing company wants to have an emergency meeting with all his sales team members and to show them a new protocol developed by the competitor. But all are at far-away places on sales assignments. Suggest how a suitable technology based method helps him. 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The Web of Heart of Darkness       Marlow’s wilderness is not vibrant nor majestic, nor is it boisterous in its vitality, illuminating and nurturing its lush bounty within its sensuous bosom.   It is not a wondrous place, intoxicating with radiant color and a symphony of sounds those who journey into its interior.   It is not quiescent nor serene, willing to reveal its secrets, easily subdued or tamed.   His wilderness is a primeval, mysterious enigma that swallows light and sound, rationality and language, imprisoning them deep within its immense folds.   It is fascinatingly savage, menacing in its power to mesmerize and lure, and finally to seduce the â€Å"bearers of a spark from the sacred fire† (67). Many had set out to conquer it, dreaming of creating splendrous empires; others had embarked on a quest to extract riches, fame, and glory from deep within its heart; yet others had been beckoned by the irresistible call of the unknown.   Lucky were those that could â€Å"glide past [it], veiled...by a slightly disdainful ignorance† (68), shielding themselves with the mantle of civilization, secure in their invincibility.   Marlow was luckier than most, for the wilderness called to his â€Å"very heart [with] its mystery, its greatness, the amazing reality of [its] concealed life† (95); yet he was able to realize in time that it was but an illusion, a â€Å"deceitful flow from the heart of an impenetrable darkness† (124), and to step back from the edge of the abyss. He was good man in search of purpose and adventure, believing he would find his aspirations by sailing the waters of a mighty river.   Upon arriving at his destination he was disheartened by the actions of his brethren, by their â€Å"conquest of the earth†, which to him mostly meant â€Å"taking it away from those who [had] a different complexion...than [themselves]† (70).   Contemptuous of their beliefs and brutal behavior, their greed and deceitfulness, he went in search of a man considered â€Å"the emissary of pity...science and progress† (94); believing that in him he would finally find someone to guide him through the â€Å"silence of the land† (95). However, the deeper he penetrated into the somber stillness of the wilderness, he could not escape the realization of his vulnerability.   In that landscape he could either be â€Å"swept off without leaving a whisper or a shadow behind†(114) or infinitely worse, â€Å"the powers of darkness [could] claim him for their own† (126).

Cultural Awareness Essay

The world as humans know it is getting smaller and smaller due to globalization and technological improvements. The two has made it possible for people from various cultural, racial, ethnic and socio-economic backgrounds to communicate, work together and travel from one country to another half a world away easily. When people meet, they also bring their cultural background with them. This makes it essential for people to have cultural awareness and understand cultural diversity. Cultural awareness is the recognition and acceptance that people are all shaped by each one’s own unique and specific cultural backgrounds (Centre for Cultural Diversity in Ageing [CCDA], 2006). Cultural awareness is the sensitivity and respect for cultural diversity or the fact that people from various cultures have different values, beliefs and traditions. Different histories and traditions result in culturally-prescribed particulars on how people should perceive and relate with other people. A person is culturally aware when he or she celebrates the world’s colorful cultural richness and assortment instead of discriminating against other cultures, especially against minorities. Cultural awareness is being able to see through the lens of another culture and the openness to understand another culture instead of simply labeling it weird or â€Å"wrong† in view of one’s own culture. Having cultural awareness is essential in facing the technology-dependent world’s unseen cultural challenges. One technological development that has been very beneficial for people is the Internet. Through the Internet, people can communicate and share information regardless of time and distance. It has even allowed for the existence of virtual classrooms or online education wherein one can share classes without any physical meeting. Technology has brought people closer; however, the fact the no one can see and determine the race or background of other people lays a hidden trap. Without knowing that they are talking to someone from another cultural background, people can easily alienate others and be called a racist because of their insensitivity to another. Being culturally aware, having the capacity to understand and appreciate the rich cultural diversity, is thus essential for the success of this computer-mediated communication because it increases one’s sensitivity to the non-physical and non-vocal communication styles of people. Cultural awareness keeps one from making generalizations and informs one about appropriate communication styles (CCDA, 2006). Finally, cultural awareness generally promotes an atmosphere of respect for everyone regardless of culture. References Centre for Cultural Diversity in Ageing. (2006). Cultural awareness. Retrieved March 13, 2009 from http://www. culturaldiversity. com. au/Default. aspx? tabid=81

Goan Literature and Translation! Essay

Goa has been reflected in many ways. It is sometimes reflected through people, through its culture and sometimes through literature. Goan reflection is nothing but the projection of Goa as a land, Goa’s socio-economic life and contemporary Goan expressions. According to Prof. Peter Nazareth â€Å"Goans have written in thirteen languages. Goans meditate between cultures, Goans live between different cultures, Goans are travelers from one part to another†¦. We can understand different cultures and help people from different cultures understand one another. But the disadvantage is that if we don’t work on it, we may end up not knowing who we are. † Today Goa is portrayed as something different than what it is in reality. And not just the media is to be blamed but also the Goans are to be blamed who allowed themselves to be portrayed in a negative manner. Goan literature is one of the important tools which reflect Goa in its true sense. But the problem with Goan literature was that most of the literature was written in local languages like Konkani and Marathi and only a few people could read and understand what Goa actually is and what are the issues related to this land. The solution to tackle this problem is nothing else but translation. 1. 2. Translation: Bridging Gaps The dictionary meaning of the word â€Å"translation† is â€Å"to express in another language or other words†. It’s also the transference and substitution from one to another language. Translation according to Dr. Johnson involves the process of change into another language, retaining the sense which is the basic objective. The main process is to search for the right words. A translation is both imitation as well as a faithful creation as well as free, i.e. why a translated literary work is viewed not as an exact replica of the original but a version of it. Translation is not only a linguistic activity but also a cultural one because it involves a study of culture. The western translators in the past considered translations as subsidiary and derogative and they believed that translation did not have much dignity. But the Indians believed that translation is a valuable activity. And thus high amount of work has been done in India in the field of translation. Many works from Kannada, Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Marathi, and Hindi have been translated into English. A few important translations from regional languages to English are Gora By Rabindranath Tagore originally written in Bengali and then translated in English by many translators, â€Å"Samskara† by U. R. Anathamurthy originally written in Kannada and then translated into English by A. K. Ramanujan, â€Å"Tamas† by Bhism Sahani originally written in Hindi but then the author himself translated the work into English. As well as different texts from one language have been translated into other Indian languages. Translation has, in recent years added an immeasurable dimension to our awareness of the layered texture, the resonance and the depth of Indian society. It has enhanced knowledge of our multilingual, multicultural personality. Indeed, only through good translations can there be communication and understanding of continuum of other common heritage. Translation from Konkani does more than that; it creates awareness of the very existence of the language and region. Translation enriches comprehension of a wounded culture, the bond of language that unites a dispersed community, and the values that have sustained it.

Free Essays on Amusing Ourselves To Death

In Amusing Ourselves to Death Neil Postman declares â€Å"we are a people on the verge of amusing ourselves to death.† The decline of the Age of Typography and the ascendancy of the Age of Television have generated a great media metaphor shift in America, with the result that much of our public discourse has become dangerous nonsense. â€Å"Our politics, religion, news, athletics, education and commerce have been transformed into congenial adjuncts of show business, largely without protest or even much popular notice.† The time period from the early-eighteenth century until the mid-nineteenth century is identified by Postman as the Age of Exposition. During this period the printing press governed discourse in America. As he believes the form in which ideas are expressed affects what those ideas will be, discourse was generally coherent, serious and rational; unlike the shriveled and absurd discourse generated by television. Postman argues that typography amplified many of the characteristics we associate with mature discourse: â€Å"a sophisticated ability to think conceptually, deductively and sequentially; a high valuation of reason and order; an abhorrence of contradiction; a large capacity for detachment and objectivity; and a tolerance for delayed response.† Postman points to the middle years of the nineteenth century as the time when the telegraph and the photograph came together and laid the foundation for the Age of Show Business. The telegraph saw to it that space was no longer an inevitable constraint on the movement of information. It â€Å"erased state lines, collapsed regions, and, by wrapping the continent in an information grid, created the possibility of a unified American discourse.† Unfortunately, according to Postman, the telegraph also attacked typography’s definition of discourse, introducing on a large scale â€Å"irrelevance, impotence, and incoherence.† â€Å"To the telegraph, intelligence meant knowin... Free Essays on Amusing Ourselves To Death Free Essays on Amusing Ourselves To Death In Amusing Ourselves to Death Neil Postman declares â€Å"we are a people on the verge of amusing ourselves to death.† The decline of the Age of Typography and the ascendancy of the Age of Television have generated a great media metaphor shift in America, with the result that much of our public discourse has become dangerous nonsense. â€Å"Our politics, religion, news, athletics, education and commerce have been transformed into congenial adjuncts of show business, largely without protest or even much popular notice.† The time period from the early-eighteenth century until the mid-nineteenth century is identified by Postman as the Age of Exposition. During this period the printing press governed discourse in America. As he believes the form in which ideas are expressed affects what those ideas will be, discourse was generally coherent, serious and rational; unlike the shriveled and absurd discourse generated by television. Postman argues that typography amplified many of the characteristics we associate with mature discourse: â€Å"a sophisticated ability to think conceptually, deductively and sequentially; a high valuation of reason and order; an abhorrence of contradiction; a large capacity for detachment and objectivity; and a tolerance for delayed response.† Postman points to the middle years of the nineteenth century as the time when the telegraph and the photograph came together and laid the foundation for the Age of Show Business. The telegraph saw to it that space was no longer an inevitable constraint on the movement of information. It â€Å"erased state lines, collapsed regions, and, by wrapping the continent in an information grid, created the possibility of a unified American discourse.† Unfortunately, according to Postman, the telegraph also attacked typography’s definition of discourse, introducing on a large scale â€Å"irrelevance, impotence, and incoherence.† â€Å"To the telegraph, intelligence meant knowin...

The Ultimate Guide to the AP Statistics Exam

The Ultimate Guide to the AP Statistics Exam SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Are you taking AP Statistics? If so, you're likely wondering what to expect from the AP Statistics exam. Before you sit down to take the final test, it's important to understand how the AP Stats test is formatted, what topics it will cover, and how it'll be scored. This guide will explain all of that information, show you official sample problems and give you tips on the best way to prepare for the AP Statistics test. In 2020, the AP Statistics exam will take place on Friday, May 15th at 12:00pm. How Is the AP Statistics Exam Structured? How long is the AP Statistics exam? The test is a total of three hours long and contains two sections: multiple choice and free response. You're allowed a graphing calculator for the entire exam. Multiple-Choice Section 40 multiple-choice questions 90 minutes long Worth 50% of exam score You can spend an average of a little more than two minutes on each multiple-choice question and finish the section in time. Free-Response Section 5 short-answer questions 1 Investigative Task 90 minutes long Worth 50% of exam score The five short-answer questions are meant to each be solved in about 12 minutes, and the Investigative Task is meant to be solved in about 30 minutes. What Does the AP Statistics Exam Test You On? The content of the AP Stats exam and course is centered around four major topics. Below are the four topics, along with what percentage of the exam will be on them and all the topics that fall beneath each of them. The list covers every single topic that the AP Statistics exam could test you on. #1: Exploring Data: Describing Patterns and Departures From Patterns (20-30%) Constructing and interpreting graphical displays of distributions of univariate data (dotplot, stemplot, histogram, cumulative frequency plot) Center and spread Clusters and gaps Outliers and other unusual features Shape Summarizing distributions of univariate data Measuring center: median, mean Measuring spread: range, interquartile range, standard deviation Measuring position: quartiles, percentiles, standardized scores (z-scores) Using boxplots The effect of changing units on summary measures Comparing distributions of univariate data (dotplots, back-to-back stemplots, parallel boxplots) Comparing center and spread: within group, between group variation Comparing clusters and gaps Comparing outliers and other unusual features Comparing shapes Exploring bivariate data Analyzing patterns in scatterplots Correlation and linearity Least-squares regression line Residual plots, outliers, and influential points Transformations to achieve linearity: logarithmic and power transformations Exploring categorical data Frequency tables and bar charts Marginal and joint frequencies for two-way tables Conditional relative frequencies and association Comparing distributions using bar charts #2: Sampling and Experimentation: Planning and Conducting a Study (10-15%) Planning and conducting experiments Characteristics of a well-designed and well-conducted experiment Treatments, control groups, experimental units, random assignments and replication Sources of bias and confounding, including placebo effect and blinding Completely randomized design Randomized block design, including matched pairs design Overview of methods of data collection Census Sample survey Experiment Observational study Planning and conducting surveys Characteristics of a well-designed and well-conducted survey Populations, samples, and random selection Sources of bias in sampling and surveys Sampling methods, including simple random sampling, stratified random sampling, and cluster sampling Generalizability of results and types of conclusions that can be drawn from observational studies, experiments, and surveys #3: Anticipating Patterns: Exploring Random Phenomena Using Probability and Simulation (20-30%) The normal distribution Properties of the normal distribution Using tables of the normal distribution The normal distribution as a model for measurements Probability Interpreting probability, including long-run relative frequency interpretation "Law of Large Numbers" concept Addition rule, multiplication rule, conditional probability, and independence Discrete random variables and their probability distributions, including binomial and geometric Simulation of random behavior and probability distributions Mean (expected value) and standard deviation of a random variable, and linear transformation of a random variable Combining independent random variables Notion of independence versus dependence Mean and standard deviation for sums and differences of independent random variables Sampling distributions Sampling distribution of a sample proportion Sampling distribution of a sample mean Central Limit Theorem Sampling distribution of a difference between two independent sample proportions Sampling distribution of a difference between two independent sample means Simulation of sampling distributions t-distribution Chi-square distribution #4: Statistical Inference: Estimating Population Parameters and Testing Hypotheses (30-40%) Estimation (point estimators and confidence intervals) Estimating population parameters and margins of error Properties of point estimators, including unbiasedness and variability Logic of confidence intervals, meaning of confidence level and confidence intervals, and properties of confidence intervals Large sample confidence interval for a proportion Large sample confidence interval for a difference between two proportions Confidence interval for a mean Confidence interval for a difference between two means (unpaired and paired) Confidence interval for the slope of a least-squares regression line Tests of Significance Logic of significance testing, null and alternative hypotheses; p-values; one- and two-sided tests; concepts of Type I and Type II errors; concept of power Large sample test for a proportion Large sample test for a difference between two proportions Test for a mean Test for a difference between two means (unpaired and paired) Chi-square test for goodness of fit, homogeneity of proportions, and independence (one- and two-way tables) Test for the slope of a least-squares regression line AP Statistics Sample Questions As we mentioned above, there are three types of questions on the AP Stats exam: multiple choice, short answer, and investigative task. Below are examples of each question type. You can see more sample questions and answer explanations in the AP Statistics Course Description. Multiple-Choice Sample Question There are 40 multiple-choice questions on the exam. Each has five answer options. Some questions will be accompanied by a chart or graph you need to analyze to answer the question. Short-Answer Sample Question There are five short-answer questions on the AP Stats test. Each of these questions typically includes several different parts you need to answer. You're expected to spend about 12 minutes on each short-answer question. Investigative Task Sample Question The final question on the exam is the Investigative Task question. This is the most in-depth question on the test, and you should spend about 30 minutes answering it. It will have multiple parts you need to answer and require multiple statistics skills. You'll also need to provide a detailed explanation of your answers that shows the strength of your statistics skills. Be sure to show all your work as you'll be graded on the completeness of your answer. How Is the AP Statistics Test Graded? For the multiple-choice part of the exam, you earn one point for each question you answer correctly. There are no point deductions for incorrect answers or questions you leave blank. Official AP graders will grade your free-response questions. Each of the six free-response questions is scored on a scale of 0 to 4 points, so the total section is out of 24 points. The free-response questions are graded holistically, which means, instead of getting a point or half a point for each bit of correct information you include, graders look at your answer to each question as a "complete package," and your grade is awarded on the overall quality of your answer. The grading rubric for each free-response question is: 4: Complete Response: Shows complete understanding of the problem's statistical components 3: Substantial Response: May include arithmetic errors, but answers are still reasonable and show substantial understanding of the problem's statistical components 2: Developing Response: May include errors that result in some unreasonable answers, but shows some understanding of the problem's statistical components 1: Minimal Response: Misuses or fails to use appropriate statistical techniques and shows only a limited understanding of statistical components by failing to identify important components 0: No Response: Shows little or no understanding of statistical components What does holistic grading mean for you? Basically, you can't expect to earn many points by including a few correct equations or arithmetic answers if you're missing key statistical analysis. You need to show you understand how to use stats to get a good score on these questions. Estimating Your AP Statistics Score If you take a practice AP Stats exam (which you should!) you'll want to get an estimate of what your score on it is so you can get an idea of how well you'd do on the real exam. To estimate your score, you'll need to do a few calculations. 1. Multiply the number of points you got on the multiple-choice section by 1.25 2. For free-response questions 1 through 5, add the number of points you got together and multiply that sum by 1.875 (don't round). If you need help estimating your score, the official free-response questions we linked to above include sample responses to help you get an idea of the score you'd get for each question. 3. For free-response question #6, multiply your score by 3.125. 4. Add the scores you got in steps 1-3 together to get your Composite Score. For example, say you got 30 questions correct on the multiple-choice section, 13 points on questions 1-5, and 2 points on question 6. Your score would be (30 x 1.25) + (13 x 1.875) + (2 x 3.125) = 68.125 which rounds to 68 points. By looking at the chart below, you can see that'd get you a 4 on the AP Statistics exam. Below is a conversion chart so you can see how raw score ranges translate into final AP scores. I've also included the percentage of students who earned each score in 2017 to give you an idea of what the score distribution looks like: Composite Score AP Score Percentage of Students Earning Each Score (2017) 70-100 5 13.6% 57-69 4 15.9% 44-56 3 24.8% 33-43 2 20.2% 0-32 1 25.5% Source: The College Board Where Can You Find Practice AP Stats Tests? Practice tests are an important part of your AP Stats prep. There are official and unofficial AP Stats practice tests available. Below are some of the best practice tests to use. Official Practice Tests 2012 Complete Practice Test 1997 Complete Practice Test Free-Response Questions 1998-2017 Unofficial Practice Tests Barron's Practice Test To learn more about where to find AP Statistics practice tests and how to use them, check out our complete guide to AP Statistics practice exams. 3 Tips for the AP Statistics Exam In this section we go over three of the most useful tips you can use when preparing for and taking the AP Statistics test. Follow these and you're more likely to get a great score on the exam. #1: For Free Response, Answer the Entire Question As we mentioned earlier, free-response questions on AP Stats are graded holistically, which means you'll get one score for the entire question. This is different from many other AP exams where each correct component you include in a free-response question gets you a certain number of points, and those points are then added up to get your total score for that question. The Stats free-response questions are graded holistically because there are often multiple correct answers in statistics depending on how you solve the problem and explain your answer. This means you can't just answer part of the question and expect to get a good score, even if you've answered that part perfectly. If you've ignored a large part of the problem, your score will be low no matter what. So instead of trying to get a point here and there by including a correct formula or solving one part of a question, make sure you're looking at the entire problem and answering it as completely as possible. Also, if you need to include an explanation, be sure it explains your thought process and the steps you took. If your explanation shows you understand important stats concepts, it could help you get a higher score even if your final answer isn't perfect. Aiming for the most complete response possible is also important if you can't answer one part of a question that's needed to answer other parts. For example, if you can't figure out what the answer to part A is, but you need to use that answer for parts B and C, just make up an answer (try to keep it logical), and use that answer to solve the other parts, or explain in detail how you'd solve the problem if you knew what the answer to part A was. If you can show you know how to solve the latter problems correctly, you'll likely get some credit for showing you understand the stats concepts being tested. #2: Know How to Use Your Calculator You'll need a graphing calculator to answer pretty much every question on the Stats exam, so make sure you know how to use it. Ideally, the calculator you use on test day will be the same one you've been doing homework and taking tests with throughout the school year so you know exactly how to use it. Knowing how to solve common stats functions on your calculator and interpret the answers you get will save you a lot of time on the exam. Your calculator will likely be most useful on the multiple-choice section where you don't need to worry about showing work. Just plug in the data you're given into your calculator, and run the right equations. Then you'll have your answer! #3: Know Your Vocabulary You may think that since AP Stats is a math course, vocab won't be an important part of the test, but you need to know quite a few terms to do well on this exam. Confusing right- and left-skewed or random sampling and random allocation, for example, could lead to you losing tons of points on the test. During the school year, stay on top of any new terms you learn in class. Making flashcards of the terms and quizzing yourself regularly is a great way to stay up-to-date on vocab. Many AP Stats prep books also include a glossary of important terms you can use while studying. Before the AP Stats exam, you should know all important terms like the back of your hand. Having a general idea isn't good enough. A big part of stats is being able to support your answers, and to do this you'll often need to use stats vocab in your explanations. Just stating the term won't earn you nearly as many points as being able to explain what the term is and how it supports your answer, so make sure you really know your vocab well. Summary: Statistics AP Exam The AP Statistics exam is three hours long and consists of 40 multiple-choice questions and six free-response questions. The content of the exam covers four main areas: exploring data, sampling and experimentation, anticipating patterns, and statistical inference. To prepare well for AP Stats exam questions, it's important to take practice exams and know how to grade them so you can estimate how well you'd do on the actual test. When studying for the AP exam, remember to answer the entire question for free response, know how to use your calculator, and be on top of stats vocabulary. What's Next? Feel the need to do some quick reviewing after looking through what'll be covered on the AP Stats exam? Take a spin through our guide to statistical significance to refresh yourself on how to run a t-test. How difficult is AP Stats compared to other AP classes? Get the answer by reading our guide to the hardest AP exams and classes. Wondering which other math classes you should take besides statistics? Math is often the trickiest subject to choose classes for, but our guide will help you figure out exactly which math classes to take for each year of high school. A prep book can be one of your best study resources for the AP Stats exam. But which prep book should you choose? Check out our guide to AP Stats prep books to learn which is the best and which you should avoid. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points? We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Education of Professionals in the Light of the Changing Nature of Essay - 1

Education of Professionals in the Light of the Changing Nature of Professional Practice - Essay Example The concept of a profession is a developing one and is not stationary. So, the definition should not be static defining just a few people as professionals. The expansion in the definition should indeed be made considering the criteria like core values and knowledge which will be discussed later on in this essay. This expansion is important because people involved in newly emerging professions like packing and transporting are also considered as professionals (Downie, 1990) There is so much importance in the practice of professionals that the quality of a professional is dependent on the practice of how one exercises his or her duties following the ethical codes and must have sufficient concern for the society. For example, often the new technological developments by professionals are double-edged(Mike W..Martin, Roland Schinzinger, 2005). The advent of nuclear power has increased our power capability, but at the same time, it has posed atomic bomb threat. – briefly explain what you mean and try to give an example. This, in turn, can be managed by means of good training and education on ethical behavior and also attaining proper education should be viewed in all aspects and not just in attending courses or a mere qualification. Governments, politicians and social activists take an active part in improving the quality of professionals’ practice (Becher, 1993). On the other hand, there are also objections from some communities over their value to their society, the way in which their projects increase the value of the society. Some projects may degrade the society very much, for example, the nuclear tests. – such as?. So, the process of building such quality in educating professionals requires a careful analysis and the work should proceed from the grass root level so that a solid foundation is laid in professional ethics helping all through their career.

Visual and Cultural Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Visual and Cultural Theory - Essay Example This essay analyses and determines the main ideas and historical and cultural contexts of the prologue of McLuhan’s The Gutenberg Galaxy, while using studio practices to explain McLuhan’s key ideas. Two secondary materials are also used to explore McLuhan’s text, Morrison’s (2001) article, â€Å"The Place of Marshall McLuhan in the Learning of His Time† and Scannell’s (2007) book, Media and Communication. The main ideas of McLuhan’s (1995) The Gutenberg Galaxy emphasise the importance of the medium as the message, while Morrison (2001) asserts the role of technology in expanding human functions. Scannell (2007) supports the cultural transitions that occurred, using McLuhan’s idea of a â€Å"global village† (p.135). McLuhan describes the effects of transitioning from an oral to a writing society wherein he argues that literacy expands important human functions, but with limitations, and that the electronic age has produced the retribalisation of human society, and these ideas have a connection to the transition from soundless to sound films, where the latter films exhibit both opportunities and limitations for expressing and extending human thoughts and practices. McLuhan (1995) criticises the devaluation of oral societies, including their oral practices. His text responds to the historical underestimation of the value of oral practices and the vitality of oral societies. He cites the work of Albert B. Lord, The Singer of Tales, who continued the work of Milman Parry. Parry hypothesised that his Homeric studies could prove that oral and written poetry did not share similar patterns and uses (McLuhan, 1995, p.90). Parry’s work had been initially snubbed by the academe because of the prevailing belief that literacy is the basis of civilisation. Morrison (2001) describes the difficulties of Parry in getting his study approved in Berkeley during the 1920s. See Appendix A for research notes on the primary and secondary texts used. The Berkeley faculty represents the general belief that literacy and civilisation are directly related: The notion that high literacy is the normative state of language and civilization, and that its only alternative is the fallen state of illiteracy, and hence darkness and ignorance, seems to occupy the vital center of humanistic studies with remarkable energy and intensity. (Morrison 2001, para.6). The key idea is that by assuming that literacy is the most important sign of civilisation, it automatically discriminates against studies on oral practices and societies that would suggest otherwise. McLuhan responds to the historical underrepresentation of oral studies in the humanities and history in general. He wants to address this underrepresentation through his own analysis of the electronic age, and how it goes back to oral traditions of earlier times. McLuhan demonstrates that history is incomplete when it does not provide enough space for the d escription and analysis of oral societies and practices. Aside from filling the gap of literature on oral practices, McLuhan (1995) supports the idea that oral societies have a richer connection with all of their senses, while the written text has produced a limited visual society because it suppresses auditory functions. He highlights literature that explores the vitality of oral practices, where oral societies are rich civilisations, perhaps even richer than writing