Career Motivation Free Essays

string(149) with encouraging feedback for good execution, given open doors for accomplishment and input, and get support for expertise advancement support. Dynamic Career Motivation is typically analyzed among youthful or mid-vocation laborers. The more seasoned laborer is disregarded. Sadly, in a situation wherein the more seasoned individual speaks to the quickest developing section of the work power, this basic asset is being wasted. We will compose a custom exposition test on Profession Motivation or then again any comparative theme just for you Request Now Assessment of current practices proposes an enormous segment of more established laborers are convinced by their employers’ activities that their professions are at an end. Choices to broaden and build this group’s Career inspiration are talked about. Examination investigating the basic procedures engaged with effective mentorships has been deficient. In the current examination, the jobs of Career inspiration informative variables were inspected. Profession inspiration intervened the connection between vocation tutoring and execution viability. As opposed to expectation, just negligible help was gotten for vocation self-adequacy as an arbiter among tutoring and pointers of profession achievement. Profession inspiration is exceptional in that it was the first to uncover linkages between coaching, vocation self-adequacy and Career inspiration. Hypothetical and down to earth ramifications of results are talked about. Record TOPICSPAGE NO. What is Career? What is inspiration? What is Career Motivation? ypes of Career inspirations Identifying Career Motivation Example of Career Motivation worksheet Ways of Career inspiration Career inspiration at work References What is Career? Vocation is characterized by the Oxford English Dictionary as a person’s â€Å"course or progress through life (or a particular segment of life)† By the late twentieth century, a wide scope of decisions (particularly in the scope of expected callings) and progressively far reaching training had permitted it to get conceivable to plan (or structure) a profession: in this regard the vocations of the profession advocate and of the vocation counsel have grown up. It is likewise normal for grown-ups in the late twentieth/mid 21st hundreds of years to have double or different professions, either successively or simultaneously. Hence, proficient personalities have become hyphenated or hybridized to mirror this move in hard working attitude. The advancement and activities taken by an individual all through a lifetime, particularly those identified with that person’s occupations. A vocation is regularly made out of the employments held, titles earned and work achieved over a significant stretch of time, as opposed to simply alluding to one position. While representatives in certain societies and economies remain with one occupation during their profession, there is an expanding pattern to workers changing employments all the more habitually. For instance, an individual’s vocation could include being a legal counselor, however the individual could work for a few unique firms and in a few distinct regions of law over a lifetime. See additionally profession stepping stool. What is inspiration? Inspiration is the mental component that stirs a living being to activity toward an ideal objective and evokes, controls, and continues certain objective coordinated practices. It very well may be viewed as a main impetus; a mental drive that propels or fortifies an activity toward an ideal objective. For instance, hunger is an inspiration that evokes a craving to eat. Inspiration has been appeared to have establishes in physiological, conduct, psychological, and social zones. Inward and outer components that animate want and vitality in individuals to be constantly intrigued and focused on a vocation, job or subject, or to put forth an attempt to accomplish an objective. Inspiration results from the communication of both cognizant and oblivious factors, for example, the (1) power of want or need, (2) motivating force or prize estimation of the objective, and (3) desires for the individual and of their friends. These elements are the reasons one has for carrying on a specific way. A model is an understudy that invests additional energy reading for a test since the individual in question needs a superior evaluation in the class. What is Career Motivation? So as to spur yourself towards a fruitful and compensating profession, you need a blend of a few variables to cooperate in support of yourself. These elements may incorporate your own desire and endeavors to flourish, sponsored by the adoration and motivation of your friends and family. Notwithstanding, recollect that a definitive duty of exceeding expectations in your preferred profession is yours and no one but you can move in the direction of it to make your fantasies a reality. While making arrangements for your vocation improvement, you will likewise need to comprehend and dissect your gifts, capabilities and aptitudes that may help you in getting enlivened towards the way of advancement. Profession inspirations are what empower and persuade you when you think about what you need to achieve or move in the direction of in your vocation. They are solid portrayals of how you need to take part in your work. They are not work titles and they are not general words or expressions like â€Å"fulfillment, money related security, satisfaction, work/life balance† and so forth. Understanding what inspires you can assist you with finding a lifelong course. It appears to be conceivable that vocation inspiration is one factor that can help clarify the advantages from tutoring connections. areer inspiration is guessed as being included three segments: vocation flexibility, profession understanding, and profession character . Profession flexibilities the capacity to adjust to evolving conditions, in any event, when circum-positions are disheartening or problematic. It comprises of attributes, for example, faith in self, ability to face challenges, and requirement for accomplish ment. Profession insights’ the capacity to be practical around ones vocation and comprises of building up clear, possible profession objectives and acknowledging ones qualities and shortcomings. Vocation characters the degree that one characterizes oneself by ones work. It is related with work, authoritative, and professional fissional inclusion, nee vocation inspiration vocation inspiration inspected individual and situational connects of profession responsibility and found that of the factors examined, having a coach was the most strong associate. It was recommended that coaching expands vocation responsibility by three methods. To start with, tutoring encourages self-directedness, profession inclusion, vocation achievement, and uplifting perspectives toward the profession. Second, the tutor may exhibit the prizes that can be accomplished if an individual sticks with a vocation. At long last, tutoring helps the improvement of profession responsibility in light of the fact that both the coaching relationship and vocation duty spin around the necessities and aspirations of people. To advance vocation inspiration representatives ought to be furnished with encouraging feedback for good execution, given open doors for accomplishment and input, and get support for ability improvement support. You read Vocation Motivation in class Paper models This can be accomplished by urging representatives to consider the drawn out impacts of their present work conduct and to create profession plans. Data about profession alternatives ought to be given and reasonable desires developed. Objective setting ought to be supported and reasonable and exact input gave. At long last, to increase vocation inspiration, work contribution ought to be underscored by master viding work difficulties, and by empowering proficient exercises and open doors for administration and progression Supporting these proposals, discovered people were bound to have significant levels of profession inspiration when their chief was steady, given clear execution input, urged subordinates to set vocation objectives, started conversations identified with improvement and profession related issues and made the activity testing. That is, man-ager guide like practices were related with more elevated levels of vocation inspiration among subordinates’. In whole, the current writing recommends a connection among coaching and Career inspiration. Speculation 1. Coached people will have a more elevated level of profession inspiration than the individuals who have not been tutored. Theory 2a. Among the individuals who are coached, there will be a positive connection between psychosocial tutoring and Career inspiration. Speculation 2b. Among the individuals who are guided, there will be a positive connection between profession tutoring and vocation inspiration. We propose that profession inspiration has an influence in the connection among coaching and pointers of vocation achievement. It appears to be likely that tutoring identifies with vocation inspiration, which thusly identifies with profession achievement. For instance, London (1983) expressed that one part of profession inspiration is the longing for upward portability. He recommended people would build up vocation ways to encourage their headway prospects, solicitation to be considered for advancements, volunteer for significant assignments, ask for and accept positions of authority, and solicitation compensation increments. London likewise recommended that those high in vocation inspiration may have more noteworthy professional success openings since they work more diligently on ventures that influence their vocation. Vocation inspiration practices have been estimated to anticipate master movements and pay rates, yet just a single exact examination to date has demonstrated profession inspiration to be as-related with advancements. We expand this line of exploration in the current investigation by relating profession inspiration with both goal and abstract markers of vocation achievement. Past investigations have fundamentally utilized target estimates, for example, worker salary, advancement rate and occupation title to characterize vocation achievement. Be that as it may, exclusively utilizing target rules to decide achievement may disregard significant data. For ex-sufficient, a supervisors, who seemed fruitful by reason of position and salary, didn't feel effective or pleased with their achievements. It is imperative to investigate individual’s examination of their own prosperity in light of the fact that these recognitions are probably going to impac

12 Trucking Tips to Drive Safer This Winter

12 Trucking Tips to Drive Safer This Winter I don’t think about where you are, however here in New York, pre-winter has at long last gotten up to speed to us. All the trees are hustling to go to yellow and red, and if this year’s anything like the last two, we’ve got some cold temperature and swirling blizzards to anticipate. Numerous drivers who end up in winter conditions overlook a few nuts and bolts they don’t change their driving aptitudes or look over moving and slide control. Ensure you’re cutting-edge on the safeguard security abilities that could spare your life or somebody else’s.If you’re still out and about this season, here are some significant wellbeing proposals from the specialists at Smart-Trucking.com.1. Slow DownThe speed cutoff may reveal to you the legitimate max, yet it can’t read street conditions or comprehend delays in stop time the manner in which you can. Don’t let your energy to complete an outing make you rush when it’s not safe. 2. Follow SafelyWhen conceivable, leave 1/4 mile among you and the vehicle before you, and attempt to offer space to the vehicles close to you, as well. Recall that if you’re driving with a gathering, the error the front truck has can effect everybody else.3. Escape the PackFor that reason alone, do whatever it takes not to drive in the packs traffic will in general compose itself into-your objective ought to achieve the most extreme separation around your vehicle.4. Don’t Fixate on Tail LightsIt can be enticing to concentrate on the lights of the vehicle before you when perceivability or climate conditions get overpowering, however on the off chance that you can see them you’re likely too close!5. Don’t Stop on the ShoulderOther vehicles and trucks in low perceivability will most likely be unable to make sense of your truck has pulled over or even that it’s halted, and they could hammer into your back pivot before they realized what was occurring. Attempt to get to a truck stop or checkpoint anyplace you can pull completely off the road.6. Don’t Try to Be a HeroEven on the off chance that you value continually being on time or showing up before your cutoff times, recall that propelling yourself when the climate is nasty does not merit taking a chance with your security. Equalization the weight you feel originating from dispatches or administration rules with worry for your life and others on the road.7. Don’t Jake BrakeBe particularly mindful of the dangers of utilizing your jake brake and over-utilizing your footbrake on cold and frigid streets. You may wind up sliding and turning crazy, particularly when the trailer is empty.8. Give Extra Consideration to your Circle CheckMake sure the entirety of your frameworks are completely practical you don’t need the defroster, the warmer, the wipers, or the lights (especially the brake and tail lights) to go down on you in a startling stretch of street. Ensure e verything that has a level is full to limit. On the off chance that conceivable, have additional items put away on the off chance that you have to top off mid-drive.9. Remain Fueled UpFull fuel tanks mean additional load on your drive tires, which assists with footing and security. Ensure your tires have enough weight for winter driving, as well.10. Keep Your Lights CleanWhenever you can stop, make a point to tidy up your head and tail lights, especially if you’re furnished with LED lights. Ensure you’re obvious, so different drivers can alter on the off chance that they need.11. Pack an Emergency KitYour unit ought to have necessities for adjusting your truck, yet in addition the rudiments to assist you with digging in if vital: a difference in comfortable garments, a jug of water, hand-warmers, medical aid pack, batteries, an electric lamp, and flares. Also,â consider putting resources into compact chargers for any hardware you convey regularly.12. Get off the RoadW hen in question, utilize your sound judgment and best judgment about when it’s time to get off the street. It might make for an incredible war story to control through a horrendous snowstorm and make your conveyance dates, however I ensure individuals would prefer to recollect the time you showed up a day late, fit as a fiddle, than the terrible mishap that shielded you from showing up by any means. Realize when to pull off the street. Recall that you’ll be the one at last considered responsible for whether you drove or stopped to endure it.

Blog Archive Beyond the MBA Classroom From Philly to Florida for Whartons Beach Week

Blog Archive Beyond the MBA Classroom From Philly to Florida for Wharton’s Beach Week When you select an MBA program, you are not just choosing your learning environment but are also committing to becoming part of a community. Each Thursday, we offer a window into life “beyond the MBA classroom” at a top business school. Each spring, between finals and graduation, second-year students at the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania prepare to reenter the “real” world by retreating to South Beach in Miami, Florida, where they partake in almost a week’s worth of partying, relaxing, and beach-going. The week’s events are organized, but not funded, by the Wharton Graduate Association (student association). In recent years, more than 400 students have taken part in Beach Week. Activities offered during the 2016 Beach Week included multiple pool parties, a daytime boat cruise, and an evening beach party. For in-depth descriptions of social and community activities at Wharton and 15 other top MBA programs, check out the  mbaMission Insider’s Guides. Share ThisTweet Beyond the MBA Classroom University of Pennsylvania (Wharton) Blog Archive Beyond the MBA Classroom From Philly to Florida for Wharton’s Beach Week When you select an MBA program, you are not just choosing your learning environment but are also committing to becoming part of a community. Each Thursday, we offer a window into life “beyond the MBA classroom” at a top business school. Each spring, between finals and graduation, second-year students at the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania prepare to reenter the “real” world by retreating to South Beach in Miami, Florida, where they partake in almost a week’s worth of partying, relaxing, and beach-going. The week’s events are organized, but not funded, by the Wharton Graduate Association (student association). In recent years, more than 400 students have taken part in Beach Week. Activities offered during the 2014 Beach Week included multiple pool parties, a beachpicnic, a daytime boat cruise, and a pub crawl in South Beach. For in-depth descriptions of social and community activities at Wharton and 15 other top MBA programs, check out the mbaMission Insider’s Guides. Share ThisTweet Beyond the MBA Classroom University of Pennsylvania (Wharton) Blog Archive Beyond the MBA Classroom From Philly to Florida for Wharton’s Beach Week When you select an MBA program, you are not just choosing your learning environment but are also committing to becoming part of a community. Each Thursday, we offer a window into life “beyond the MBA classroom” at a top business school. Miami Beach Each spring, between finals and graduation, second-year students at the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania prepare to reenter the “real” world by retreating to South Beach in Miami, Florida, where they partake in almost a week’s worth of partying, relaxing, and beach-going. The week’s events are organized, but not funded, by the Wharton Graduate Association (student association). In recent years, more than 400 students have taken part in Beach Week. Activities offered during the 2015 Beach Week included multiple pool parties, a daytime boat cruise, and a bar crawl in South Beach. For in-depth descriptions of social and community activities at Wharton and 15 other top MBA programs, check out the  mbaMission Insider’s Guides. Share ThisTweet Beyond the MBA Classroom University of Pennsylvania (Wharton)

Middlebury College Acceptance Rate, SAT/ACT Scores

Middlebury College is a private liberal arts college with an acceptance rate of 17%. Located in the Champlain Valley of central Vermont, Middlebury College is best known for its foreign-language and international studies programs, but the school excels in nearly all fields in the liberal arts and sciences. Middlebury College ranks among the  top 10 liberal arts colleges  in the country. For its academic strengths, the college was awarded a chapter of  Phi Beta Kappa. Middlebury has a robust study-abroad program with schools in 40 countries including China, France, Germany, Italy, Latin America, Russia, and Spain. The college also boasts an 8-to-1  student/faculty ratio  and a mean class size of 19. Considering applying to this highly selective college? Here are the Middlebury College admissions statistics you should know. Acceptance Rate During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, Middlebury College had an acceptance rate of 17%. This means that for every 100 students who applied, 17 students were admitted, making Middleburys admissions process highly competitive. Admissions Statistics (2017-18) Number of Applicants 9,227 Percent Admitted 17% Percent Admitted Who Enrolled (Yield) 41% SAT Scores and Requirements Middlebury requires that all applicant submit either SAT or ACT scores, or three SAT subject test scores in different subject areas. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 56% of admitted students submitted SAT scores. SAT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile ERW 660 730 Math 670 770 ERW=Evidence-Based Reading and Writing This admissions data tells us that most of Middleburys admitted students fall within the top 20% nationally on the SAT. For the evidence-based reading and writing section, 50% of students admitted to Middlebury scored between 660 and 730, while 25% scored below 660 and 25% scored above 730. On the math section, 50% of admitted students scored between 670 and 770, while 25% scored below 670 and 25% scored above 770. Applicants with a composite SAT score of 1500 or higher will have particularly competitive chances at Middlebury College. Requirements Middlebury does not require the SAT wiring section. Note that Middlebury participates in the scorechoice program, which means that the admissions office will consider your highest score from each individual section across all SAT test dates. ACT Scores and Requirements Middlebury College requires that all applicants submit either SAT or ACT scores, or three SAT subject test scores in different subject areas. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 50% of admitted students submitted ACT scores. ACT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile Composite 31 34 This admissions data tells us that most of Middleburys admitted students fall within the top 5% nationally on the ACT. The middle 50% of students admitted to Middlebury received a composite ACT score between 31 and 34, while 25% scored above 34 and 25% scored below 31. Requirements Middlebury College does not require the ACT writing section. Unlike many schools, Middlebury superscores ACT results; your highest subscores from multiple ACT sittings will be considered. GPA Middlebury College does not provide data about admitted students high school GPAs. However, Middlebury does note that the majority of accepted students rank in the top ten percent of their high school class. Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph Middlebury College Applicants Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph. Data courtesy of Cappex. The admissions data in the graph is self-reported by applicants to Middlebury College. GPAs are unweighted. Find out how you compare to accepted students, see the real-time graph, and calculate your chances of getting in  with a free Cappex account. Admissions Chances Middlebury College has a highly competitive admissions pool with a low acceptance rate and high average SAT/ACT scores. However, Middlebury has a  holistic admissions  process involving other factors beyond your grades and test scores. A  strong application essay  and  glowing letters of recommendation  can strengthen your application, as can  meaningful extracurricular activities  and a  rigorous course schedule. Students with particularly compelling stories or achievements can still receive serious consideration even if their grades and scores are outside of Middleburys range. Students with a serious interest in art, music, theater, dance, or video should submit an arts supplement using SlideRoom, a presentation tool that has been integrated into the Common Application. While Middlebury College does not conduct on-campus admissions interviews, they try to arrange alumni interviews for as many applicants as possible off-campus. Be sure to review common interview questions before your interview. Also, if you live in an area where an interview is not possible, note that this will not negatively affect your admissions chances. In the graph above, the blue and green dots represent accepted students, and you can see that most had A averages, SAT scores (ERWM) above 1300, and ACT composite scores of 28  or higher. Keep in mind, however, that hidden beneath the blue and green on the graph is a bit of red (rejected students) and yellow (waitlisted students). Some students with 4.0 GPAs and excellent standardized test scores were rejected from Middlebury. If You Like Middlebury College, You Might Consider These Liberal Arts Colleges Vassar  |  Haverford  |  Swarthmore  |  Wellesley  |  Wesleyan  |  Colby All admissions data has been sourced from the National Center for Education Statistics and Middlebury College Undergraduate Admissions Office.

The Grapes Of Wrath And Of Mice And Men - 1644 Words

Jarvis Johnson Research Paper John Steinbeck is an American author of 27 books, widely known for award winning novels, The Grapes of Wrath and Of Mice and Men; Steinbeck is also a Nobel Prize winning of Literature. Steinbeck’s writing expresses realistic and creative thoughts, combining as they do compassionate comedy (through Lennie) and intense social perception with their surrounding national culture. John Steinbeck, â€Å"Of mice and Men†, Printed in 1937, articulating a tale of characters, George Milton and Lennie Small, two exiled migrant ranch workers in pursuit of new work openings throughout the Great Depression in California, United States. George Milton, the smarter and much more ordinary person out of the two, and Lennie, who is controlled by his abundance of strength but very little mental capacity, set off to Soledad, California to acquire their dreams of settling down on a private owned piece of land and raise farm animals. The reasons behind Lennie and George’s previous migration is because of Lennie’s uncontrollable strength and urge to stroke soft things, resulting to charges of rape towards a women when he would not let go of her dress. Steinbeck then, creates a cast of characters to not only benefit, but also destroy their path to their dream. The two men find work and eventually potential problems when the superintendent of the farm’s son, Curly, choose to become enemies with Lennie over his flirtatious wife; Curly’s wife had her dreams of being a movieShow MoreRelatedGrapes of Wrath and of Mice and Men: Character Study991 Words   |  4 PagesGrapes of Wrath and Of Mice and Men: Character Study The American Novelist, John Steinbeck was a powerful writer of dramatic stories about good versus bad. His own views on writing were that not only should a writer make the story sound good but also the story written should teach a lesson. In fact, Steinbeck focused many of his novels, not on average literary themes rather he tended to relay messages about the many hard truths of life in The United States. Upon winning the Nobel Peace PrizeRead MoreSimilarities Between Grapes Of Wrath And Of Mice And Men1271 Words   |  6 Pageshowever, gives many of his characters a similar, concurrent trait; that trait is dignity. It can be seen in characters of Steinbeck’s books, The Grapes of Wrath and Of Mice and Men. The Grapes of Wrath is about a family’s journey Oklahoma to California, in hopes of a new life, after being evicted from their previous home. Similarly, Of Mice and Men is about two guys in California who travel together, trying to save money in order to buy a plot of their own land. Character’s from these two booksRead More A Comparison of Migrant Workers in The Grapes of Wrath and Of Mice and Men2731 Words   |  11 PagesMigrant Workers in The Grapes of Wrath and Of Mice and Men      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   John Steinbeck wrote about what surrounded him. At the time he was writing, the nineteen-thirties, a great depression was plaguing the United States. Many people were out of work. Many farmers were losing their farms and homes. An extreme drought had also wrecked the farms of the Midwest and made them into what is now referred to as the dust bowl. It was a terrible time to be poor, and most were. People died of malnutritionRead MoreJohn Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men And The Grapes Of Wrath 2124 Words   |  9 Pagesloneliness and the importance of community is shown throughout John Steinbeck’s novels, ‘Of Mice and Men’ and ‘The Grapes of Wrath,’ through George and Lennie’s choice of sticking together and the other characters’ sense of loneliness in ‘Of Mice and Men,’ and the importance of community unity in ‘The Grapes of Wrath’ to show human perseverance and determination in spite of ob stacles. In the novel, ‘Of Mice and Men,’ the two main characters, George and Lennie, met in early childhood and stayed togetherRead MoreAnalysis Of John Steinbeck s The Grapes Of Wrath And Of Mice And Men 1433 Words   |  6 Pagesanswers are the philosophy of John Steinbeck † (Benson 555). John Steinbeck was a major American writer who has written many books, which have come to be known as classic American stories. Examples of these classic stories are The Grapes of Wrath, The Red Pony, and Of Mice and Men. John Steinbeck is worthy of the praise he has received for his contributions to American literature because he added a new genre as well as a new narrative device, depicted the lives of the poor, and went to great lengths toRead MoreComparing John Steinbeck s Mice And Men And The Grapes Of Wrath1126 Words   |  5 PagesComparing and Contrasting Steinbeck John Steinbeck is a famous author known for many of his short stories, as well as the books Of Mice and Men and The Grapes of Wrath. His works have been studied and analyzed often because of his unique ability to create symbolism from small amounts of text. â€Å"The Chrysanthemums† is a short story written by John Steinbeck, and was first published in 1939. It tells the story of a woman who feels she is capable of completing any task a man can, but is set back byRead MoreJohn Steinbecks use of Realism, Characterization, and Dreams in The Grapes of Wrath and Of Mice and Men2450 Words   |  10 Pagesliterary style also creates great feelings of empathy toward the characters and their dreams. Steinbeck used realism to convey his points for a purpose, and his main purpose was that he wanted something to be made known to the public. Of Mice and Men and The Grapes of Wrath both tell of the hardships people went through and also the harsh conditions of their situations. The chara cters in both of these novels play and important role in personalizing the occurring events for the reader, making the novelRead MoreJohn Steinbecks Greatest Accomplishments973 Words   |  4 Pagesfirst book was went largely unnoticed, as did his next two, it wasn’t until Tortilla Flat was published that Steinbeck was recognized as an author. Steinbeck had many accomplishments, however few can compare to In Dubious Battle, Of Mice and Men, and The Grapes if Wrath. Each of these individual novels set out many achievements for Steinbeck. In Dubious Battle, written in 1936, was a strike novel set in the California apple country, a story of nine hundred migratory workers devoted to their causeRead MoreWhat Influenced John Steinbeck?. What Exactly Influenced884 Words   |  4 Pagesborn and raised in Salinas, California, a town well known for farming and being poor. Its thought that his many conversations with the migrant workers of the area inspired a lot of his work, such as â€Å"Of Mice and Men†, a story he particularly wrote about some migrant workers. Or, â€Å"The Grapes Of Wrath† a story he wrote about a family suffering in the dust bowl as they worked their way around California. Migrant workers obviously had a large impact of his workings, but not all of it. Its thought thatRead MoreAmerica Is Home To Many Great Writers Whom Come Different1709 Words   |  7 Pagesconcerned with migrant labor camps, and even traveled with migrants in Hooverville’s to observe conditions of camps. Steinbeck devoted himself to writing his famous works such as; Of Mice and Men, The Grapes of Wrath, Tortilla Flat, and Cannery Row. Some of Steinbeck’s pieces like Of Mice and Men and The Grapes of Wrath were such hits they were made into movies. Before Steinbeck’s death on December 20th, 1968 he was awarded Nobel Prize for literature in 1962, National book award, and Pulitzer Prize

Standardized Assessment Is The Only Instrument For...

Standardized testing has been used in the American higher education platforms to assess student achievement at individual,classroom,instructor,school,region, district,state and national levels.The results obtained from standardized tests have provided all parties with information regarding the direction of education and provide catalysts for improvement.Arguments concerning the merits of standardized assessments as a measure of college and university effectiveness have been around since time immemorial.Amidst these arguments,a number of policy makers and professionals in the field of education most importantly agree that standardized assessment should not be the only instrument for measuring student learning outcomes that institutions†¦show more content†¦29) Nichols et al. cites that the problem of using standardized assessment in higher education is deeper than the few benefits that come with it. Institutional effectiveness has continued to be measured by inputs mostly in terms of financial resources, and the academic qualifications of students before they are enrolled into the institutions of higher learning. Once the students qualify to join these institutions, they are exposed to a series of standardized tests which are used to measure their academic outcomes (30). One evident fact however is the fact that standardized tests cannot be used to quantify student outcomes. When it comes to measuring essential qualities such as creativity, intellectual integrity, personal self-delivery, tolerance, wisdom, refinement of taste and conduct, and psychological well-being, then standardized tests almost prove useless in the realms of higher education. Nichols et al. writes that standardized testing in higher learning is likely to create an atmosphere of hyper

Career in Building and Construction

Question: Discuss about the Career in Building and Construction. Answer: Eight socio-cultural competency elements for a professional manager In making a positive difference to his/her career/ society it is essential to imbibe the eight socio-cultural competency elements and they are cognitive and communication ability, problem solving ability and analytical ability and these are generic competencies expected in every professionals working in the corporate environment. In the context of professional managers there are certain additional socio-cultural competency elements and it includes leadership ability, commitment ability, attitude and self direction (Jaeger, and Adair, 2010). The cognitive ability enables the manager to learn, remember, and solve problem and focus. The communication ability makes the manager mix and interacts with people to understand the problem while analytical ability assists in solving the problem using the brain. Leadership ability is essential to lead and motivate people in the workplace. It is commitment ability that makes the manager achieve the goals and objective and it is supported by the po sitive attitude and self direction ability possessed by the manager (Jaeger, and Adair, 2010). It plays significant role and help in achieving goals and objectives by channelling the self and team towards task undertaken. It adds to the qualification and experience of professional manager and enhances the soft skill and knowledge required by professional manager in career and society for dealing with people effectively. Role of two professional managers using these competencies for successful career Eight socio-cultural competency Professional manager at National level Professional manager at Global level Identify and investigate the role Contribute to the national target of the company by managing the team and achieving the goal (Van et al., 2011). Contribute to the global target of the company by managing the team and achieving the international goal. Cognitive ability It helps to focus on goal and solve the problem of team. It helps to learn and remember global policies. Communication ability Can manage with local language and English. Needs to understand the language of the land along with English. Problem solving ability Help the team and goal. Help the team and goal. Analytical ability Analyze the national market Analyze the global market Leadership ability Leading and motivation team. Leading and motivation team. Commitment ability Deliver the national goals and objective of the company. Deliver the global goals and objective of the company (Van et al., 2011). Attitude Positive frame of mind Promote integrity and support for achievement. Self direction To manage within or without guidelines. Work independently These social cultural competencies help the manager to communicate effectively with the team members and solve the problem by using the analytical and cognitive ability. Compare and contrasts own competencies possessed with two professional managers As a student of Building and construction, Civil Engineering project management when I compare and contrast my own competency at present with those two professional managers I found I posses the generic competency namely cognitive and communication ability, problem solving and analytical ability learned during academic career and present course. But I need to develop the managerial competency namely leadership ability, commitment ability, attitude and self direction (De Vos, A., De Hauw, Van 2011). Though I have developed positive attitude after attending a workshop in my college I need to develop it further. By developing the other competency related with social cultural competency elements I can become a successful manager like them and contribute to my career and society. References De Vos, A., De Hauw, S., Van der Heijden, B. I. (2011). Competency development and career success: The mediating role of employability. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 79(2), 438-447. Jaeger, M. and Adair, D., 2010. Human factors simulation in construction management education. European Journal of Engineering Education, 35(3), pp.299-309. Mller, R., Turner, R. (2010). Leadership competency profiles of successful project managers. International Journal of Project Management, 28(5), 437-448. Van der Zwet, J., Zwietering, P. J., Teunissen, P. W., Van der Vleuten, C. P. M., Scherpbier, A. J. J. A. (2011). Workplace learning from a socio-cultural perspective: creating developmental space during the general practice clerkship. Advances in Health Sciences Education, 16(3), 359-373.

Chemistry Lab Report Conductimetric Sample

Chemistry Lab Report Conductimetric Paper The aim of this experiment it to analyze the solution of Baa(OH)2 of an unknown concentration. In order to obtain the quantitative analysis, the exact amount of a particular compound or element present in sample, two procedures were performed. The first procedure was by conductivities titration and by gravimetric determination. The conductivity was analyzed during the reaction between the sulfuric acid (HOSES) and barium hydroxide (Baa(OH)2). Through the conductivity, the equivalence point can be determined; from there, the concentration of the Baa(OH)2 solution can be found. The final product of the reaction between sulfuric acid and barium hydroxide is insoluble. According to the lab manual, during the reaction, the total number of dissociated ions in solution is greatly reduced as a precipitate is formed. With the Conductivity Probe, the changes in conductivity of the solution will be analyzed. The collection of Baa(OH)2 precipitate, allowing it to dry, and carefully weighing it will allow for the calculations of the amount of barium ion(from original sample) of unknown concentration, which will aid in finding the concentration. These procedures are pendent on gravimetric analysis (the most accurate and reliable procedures). Important requirements for a successful gravimetric analysis include: a pure compound with an identifiable geochemistry, the precipitation reaction must be complete, specificity of precipitation reagent in sample, the solid sample should be a reasonable-sized crystal, and the molecular weight should be reasonable enough for a good weight of the precipitate generated. For the full formation of the precipitate, it will need to be flocculated. The final outcome of this experiment is to handle, isolate, and analyze chemical samples carefully and thoroughly. We will write a custom essay sample on Chemistry Lab Report Conductimetric specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Chemistry Lab Report Conductimetric specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Chemistry Lab Report Conductimetric specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Consumer Driven Health Care Essay Example

Consumer Driven Health Care Essay Example Consumer Driven Health Care Paper Consumer Driven Health Care Paper Executive Summary The issues surrounding the full adoption of consumer driven health care range from cost pressures, employer concerns and the need of effectively engaging the consumers in decision making through the provision of adequate choice and information. Until now the government has been supremely instrumental in propelling the consumer driven health care system. While the merits remain engulfed in hot debates, the fact that consumer driven health care simultaneously creates both the movement, the financial responsibility, as well as the involvement in health care choices of the consumers has created serious concerns. As the evolution moves on, all stakeholders in the health care system are going to be affected. The plans will enable the consumers to personally navigate the system and directly engage with the providers. On the other hand, the pharmaceutical sector may become educators and an intermediary consumer movement may serve to satisfy the fact that transparent information will have bec ome a necessity for health care decisions. Leveled in line with these demands, the ensuing discussion analyzes the impacts on health care in terms of costs, efficiency and effectiveness in addition to the impacts with regard to the new consumer, and the stakeholders; notably the pharmaceutical sector. Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Descriptively, consumer driven health care system allows individuals to draw from their Health Savings Accounts or their Health Reimbursement Arrangements or such similar payment products to directly   meet routine health care expenses while protection from catastrophic health expenses is guaranteed by a high deductible health insurance policy. These policies cost less as the consumer meets routine medical claims from a pre-funded spending account. Should the balance in the account run out, medicals claims are paid just like in a regular deductible. Yearly unused balances increase future balances that can be invested for future medical expenses. The term â€Å"consumer driven health care† applies because routine medical claims are paid through a consumer controlled account verses a fixed insurance benefit. This scenario allows the consumers to occupy the role of a primary decision maker as regards the nature of health care they re ceive. Patients are therefore more likely to choose less expensive options and for those with chronic conditions, the system would promote compliance to treatment regimes(Goodman 2006).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Proponents of such a health care system argue that in the long run, Americans will pay less for health care provision because of reduced monthly premiums and increases free market variability. Market variability due to the use of Health Savings Accounts fosters competition which in turn lower prices and stimulate improvements in the quality and delivery of health care services. Opponents of the system cite the fact that individuals who are less wealthy and less educated will tend to avoid the health care cost burden, when this is coupled to the inability to make informed decisions, then the result is lowered health outcomes. Additionally, since the system simply shifts the cost burden to the patients, those with chronic conditions will never be able to save anything. In the end, inequality in health care quality and delivery may reign(Gross 2007).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Basically, consumer driven health care system is a derivative of the business model for health e-commerce ventures which were designed to enable consumers of health products and services to engage more directly with the providers in making the health care purchases. In essence, consumer driven health care is geared towards giving individuals more choice in making health care decisions and to help stabilize these costs. This system is a product of the same theories that sought to capitates payments to providers. The rejection of such a prompt gave rise to the consumer driven health care system(Kovner 2008). In the initial conceptual model, cost and quality of the relevant information was made available through the internet. The primary model relied on the creation of   Health Savings Accounts(HSAs) before the inclusion of a second model; the Health Reimbursement Arrangements(HRAs) which are funded by the employers who receive tax benefits for funding such accounts(Grudzien 2006).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Impacts of Consumer Driven Health Care   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The phrasal representation â€Å"consumer driven health care† is in itself a revelation of the transformation in health care where consumers of health care services and goods are gaining more and more importance in health care industry. The consumers being the purchasers of goods and services in the health care industry suggests an existence of economic relationships between the consumers and the suppliers. The word driven implies that the supplier is going to be compelled to react according to the consumers’ demands and position as regards the provision of these goods and services. Implicitly, the complete phrase can thus be used to describe a situation where there exists a two way business interaction that is able not only to transform the health system structure but also reconfigure the health industry to engage in a competitive conduct. Such a paradigm shift in the management of health care is bound to present strong chal lenges, advantages and disadvantages.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   What effect will such a system of health care have on the effectiveness and efficiency of health care provision? Currently in the United States, over $ 1 trillion dollars is spent annually on health care. Critically analyzed, this is 15% of the Gross Domestic Product and is more per capita that anything spent in other developed countries. The magnitude of the expenditure itself calls for a need a novel idea such as consumer driven health care. If such a system of health care were to be adopted, then what forces will shape the new consumer of health care services? On this basis, it is prudent to discern the effects of the key players such as employers, insurers, providers, and government entities. All these forces will only support such a system if most beneficial to them. A third scale of analysis desires that we look into the ways in which the industry is going to change. This analysis borders on the certainty of a fundamental restructuri ng of the system through a set of rules governing the new competitiveness. These structural changes will most certainly be orchestrated by the new nature of buyer-supplier relationship(Ferrari 2004). The Effect of Consumer Driven Health Care on the Efficiency and Effectiveness   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   To understand the changes that may occur in the efficiency and effectiveness after the transition to consumer driven health care, it is prudent to establish the objective function which measures productivity. Generally, productivity is descriptive of the magnitude of outputs achieved for a given level of inputs. In the health care industry, the physical inputs like labor, capital and supplies should be able to achieve certain levels of health outcomes. In essence, this means that productivity will be used in providing improvements on the management or treatment of diseases since this is the fundamental production process of the health care system. However, the simplicity of the productivity measure can only be taken to be useful and sustainable if it is coupled to the variety of other societal entanglements as well as other complexities in health care provision.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Given that the current health care system in the United States is the most expensive system in the world, a comparison with other developed countries on the basis of mortality and life expectancy attests that the system is less productive. However, on the basis of four disease states (diabetes, cholelithiasis, lung cancer and breast cancer), evidence suggested that it was more productive comparative to Germany and the United Kingdom. The high costs were attributable to the high administrative costs, higher compensation of doctors and other medical personnel. Consumer driven health care poses as the most reliable option in changing features which contribute to productivity hence health outcomes. For instance, a transformation to prospective payment from cost plus system of reimbursement for health institutions. Other reimbursement plans that supremely focus on the health outcomes rather that the activity also furthers the gains(Ferrari 2004 ). Customer driven health care has the ability to create incentives for providers to adopt more efficient technologies hence increasing productivity due to the underlying market competitiveness.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Since this transformation does not in any way threaten the existence of a competitive market, the cornerstone of such a market will have to be an informed buyer who has the capacity to make an accurate judgment of the value of outputs received with reference to the level of inputs injected into the system. This would usher in an era of comparative shopping among the suppliers as well as differentially reward the suppliers who provide the best goods and services at the least cost. Moreover, the system would also allow the buyer to choose a level of productivity that is desirable and affordable and trade off other savings for needs outside the health care system. Given the nature of the transformation and the rewards consequent to the paradigm shift, it is reasonable to expect an increase in productivity, improvement in health outcomes and the improvement on the efficiency and effectiveness of the health care system(Forster 2007). Forces Shaping the New Consumer   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There are two major forces that possess the potentiality of shaping the evolution and the pace of the novel system. The first force is the degree to which the buyers of health care goods and services become empowered to spend their own financial resources and making their own buying decisions. The second force is the quality of health care provision and the accessibility of the relevant information that pertains to the inputs and the outcomes in the health care process.   In the case of marginalized consumers with inadequate heath care information, there is going to a continuity of the turbulence as seen in the health care system today. Such a scenario slows down the transformation to consumer driven health care system. On the other hand, when marginalized consumers have the benefit of adequate information, the consumer as the main driving force in the system retains a marginalized role in the purchases but is also associated in the trade-offs(Herzlinger 2004). The end result is an unstable relationship among the players since consumers are well informed and possess the power to make their own decisions in seeking out productive suppliers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Empowered consumers with inadequate information may create a scenario where there is a rush for the establishment of a brand making consumers to almost completely rely on the value associated with a brand. It is on the basis of such information that consumers will make their buying decisions. With the help of interpreters, superior information may be passed to consumers or alternatively, the interpreters may broker the brand to the consumers(Ferrari 2004). However, the best scenario is when there are empowered consumers in possession of adequate information. This scenario aptly captures the spirit of the productive economic system. It implies that the market is awash with consumers buying on their own account. The existence of such a scenario itself may eliminate the need for intermediaries. Not that there is going to be a vacuum where these intermediaries had occupied but that such a space will be occupied with a different faction, for instance, it may be the marketing or sales front end of the provider entities(Herzlinger 2007). This would demonstrate the productivity of the providers(suppliers of health services) to the consumers. Alternatively, the space may be occupied with an aggregator of consumers which may leverage the consumers’ volume power in negotiating a unit price for making the buying decisions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the end, the trend towards informed consumers who are able to make their own health care purchasing decisions will lead to an unprecedented change in the nature and quality of services and goods offered. These changes are not only positive in nature as they will shift the burden of health care costs on the shoulders of individuals. Such a change greatly challenges the deeply rooted societal perspectives on the roles of democratically elected governments. The creation of new consumer oriented intermediaries may usher in another era of misguided government regulatory intervention. Assuming that such a scenario does not arise then a consumer driven health care system has the potential to move health care provision to anew level of productivity hence better health outcomes for the United States citizenry.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   On the contrary, because of these sub classifications of consumers based on empowerment and availability of information, individuals who are less educated and healthy may avoid the needed health care services due to the cost burden coupled to the ability to make well informed and appropriate health decisions. Moreover, as Jonathan Oberlander; a political scientist at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill reiterates, the system simply shifts the health care cost burden back to the patients. Patients suffering from chronic health sicknesses may not be able to afford such costs, since with a deductible of between $ 3000 to $ 4000, these patients will thus be unable to save anything in their accounts. Employers are specifically impressed because the system is beneficial to them. They will not adequately fund replenish the employees health care accounts even though they will save money(Gross 2007).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The success of the consumer driven health care is dependent on the ready access to relevant information on health services, products and pricing. Due to the absence of free market variables in the health care industry, the lack of transparency will saddle consumers with additional expenses. This means that despite the theory that health insurance based on higher deductibles results in consumers shopping around for better products and services(based on quality and price), the inadequacy of such pertinent information practically goes against the attainment of benefits in a consumer driven health care model(Shearer 2007). Impacts on the Pharmaceutical Industry Currently the pharmaceutical industry has been shouldering the blame for the double digit increase in health care costs. Between the year 2001-2002, the consumer price index for health care increased by 4.4% while the industry index grew by 5.5%. A simple analysis of these percentages shows that the industry can only account for all the increase in the event that all other health care components shrunk. These statistics aside, the expenditure pent on informing consumers; $ 2.8 billion and a further $ 13.2 billion on informing doctors invariably increase the costs of health care in the long run. Therefore, unless new products are distributed for consumption without additional costs from these activities of pharmaceutical industries, the health care costs will continue to be high(Herzlinger 2004). Consumer driven health care has the potential of eliminating these costs hence advancing quality health care at lower costs.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Health care markets are extremely sensitive to the presence of a market power. Medical device companies and pharmaceutical companies retain monopoly over devices and drugs for a considerably long period of time due to the patent laws. It is during this period before the expiry of the monopoly period that these companies earn monopoly rents, in effect leading to higher drug pricing. This is unlike the traditional neoclassical supply curve(Jost 2007). This trend will be reversed as consumers will be looking out for cheap but equally effective therapeutic alternatives, hence bringing the prices down in the long run.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   With the death of the intermediary between the suppliers and the consumers, the pharmaceutical industry has started to align itself with the consumer of its products through direct to consumer advertising. This has only become necessary after the FDA lifted restrictions on direct to consumer advertising. This move has been viewed by many as a gap that allows the pharmaceutical companies to foist their drugs on the gullible public in the name of providing pertinent drug information. Moreover, the use of billions of dollars in advertising only increases the overall costs of the drugs.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   On the other hand, there are those who view direct to consumer advertising as being revolutionary and instrumental in promoting consumer involvement. Such an exposure of drugs to consumers acts as an educational tool and helps the consumers to be more informed in making decisions in health care. Apart from getting information direct from the pharmaceutical companies, information technology is increasing consumer empowerment making them seek high quality but less expensive choices(Mason et al 2007). Therefore, even though the pharmaceutical companies bypassed the physicians and moved directly to the consumer in advertising and promotion, consumer empowerment means that the era in which the extra expenditures were passed onto the consumers will be long gone. Such an eventuality will stimulate a dramatic restructuring of the industry. Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The potential of a consumer driven health care system to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the quality and delivery of health care are huge. However, the fact that access to health care is hinged on the ready access to relevant information remains the main obstacle in the realization of the full benefits. Health care and market forces are mutually exclusive. The existence of a competitive market; the cornerstone of which is an informed buyer increases the capacity of the buyer to make an accurate judgment of the value of outputs received with reference to the level of inputs injected into the system. So long as information is easily and cheaply accessible and transparency in the health care industry is promoted, the system may well be the answer to age old failures of the current most popular health care system. By putting insurance money under the complete control of the patients themselves, giving the employers cost relief, and eliminating the intermediary in the doctor-patient relationship, the system will undoubtedly achieve its health outcomes. References Ferrari, T. Bernard. (2004). Where Will Consumer Driven Health Care Take the Health Care   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   System. In Consumer-driven Health Care: Implications for Providers, Payers, and   Ã‚  Ã‚   Policymakers. Regina E. Herzlinger(Eds). John Wiley and Sons. p. 399-403 Forster, R. (2007). Market Forces and Health Care are Mutually Exclusive. Intelligently    Connecting Institutions and Expertise. Gerson Lehrman Group. Goodman, John (2006), Consumer Driven Health Care, Networks Financial Institute Policy   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Brief, Indiana State University Gross, T. (2007). Fresh Air from WHYY, July 9, 2007. Diagnosing U.S. Health Care and Sicko,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Too. Terry Gross interviewing Jonathan Oberlander, associate professor, University of   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   North Carolina, Chapel Hill. Grudzien, L. (2006). Can Consumer Driven Health Care, Health Reimbursement Arrangements   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   and Health Savings Accounts Save Employer Sponsored Health Care Reform From Ruin.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Benefit Express. Herzlinger, Regina. (2007).   Who Killed Health Care? Americas $2 Trillion Medical Problem   Ã‚  Ã‚   and the Consumer-Driven Cure. McGraw-Hill Press. Herzlinger, Regina E. (2004). Consumer-Driven Health Care: Implications for Providers,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Payers, and Policymakers. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers. Jost, S. T. (2007). Health care at risk: a critique of the consumer-driven movement. Duke   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   University Press. Kovner, R. A., Knickman, J., Jonas, S. (2008).   Jonas and Kovners Health Care Delivery in    the United States. Springer Publishing Company. Mason, J.D., Leavitt, K. J., Chaffee, W. M. (2007). Policy politics in nursing and health care.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Elsevier Health Sciences. Shearer, G. (2007). Testimony of Gail Shearer, Director, Health Policy Analysis, Washington   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Office, Consumers Union before the Joint Economic Committee, on Impact of   Ã‚   Consumer-Driven Health Care on Consumers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   consumersunion.org/pub/0225JECTestimonyNoSummary.pdf.

Pantomime Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Pantomime - Essay Example t she doesn’t fit the demands and definition of what is expected of women in a corset and crinoline world.She struggles both biologically and psychologically with the notion of both having two genders in one body.Inaddition,stemming from his past in dealing with his present circumstances,he finds that he has to properly handle his sexual feelings as pertains to his fellow aerialist Aenea and the white clown Drystan.They realize that there was nothing perturbing about a person being intersex and that there was more to it than was thought.This realization dawned on them both- Micah and Gene,when they had made the decision to lead their own lives as they were, and when the mysterious secrets of the world suddenly opened in 10,860. Pantomime is a story about two different people trapped in the same body but who in their own different ways have impacted onto each other’s lives significantly.Moreover,whilethe intimate manner in which the author has treated sensitive issues generally associated with intersex people to be deeply moving and empathichowever,it is not clear if the author precisely sought out the real information and experience from intersex people inspite of the fact that through the story,she appears to acknowledge rather than defend a lot of uncertainties existing by default between the two genders.But she brings out the point clearly when Micah and Gene question themselves in order to find out exactly whether their attraction is matter driven by the masculine or feminine nature.Thus, in as much as anybody is who they are,but could a person’s biological sexuality really be the yardstick of defining who they are? Pantomime as a story,alternates between past and present and narrates Gene and Micah’s history as composed of elements of both shame and acceptance-especially from the brother Cyril,the unpleasant experiences with doctors and potential suitors,and in addition the need to keep secrets.Throughout the story,it is clear that there is a close

Financial assesment - Aviva PLC Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Financial assesment - Aviva PLC - Research Paper Example Firms calculate their cost of equity using several methods, the most popular method being Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM). This method assumes that shareholders expect a rate of return equivalent to the risk free rate plus a risk premium, and is expressed as - The current UK T-bill average yield was taken as the risk free rate. The recent T-bill average yield varied from 0.6725% (on Apr 3) to 0.6220% (on Mar 27) as per Financial Times (2009). The extract of the data is given in the Appendix as Exhibit 6-3. The average of these two figures (0.65%) was considered as the risk free rate. FTSE-100 was considered as the indicator of market return. The data range considered was between Jan 1, 2003 to Jan 1, 2009. The compounded annual growth rate (CAGR) of FTSE-100 during this period was 2.55%. The relevant FTSE-100 data during this period is given in Table 6-1 of Appendix (Yahoo Finance 2, 2009). It is assumed that this is the rate of return that the market will expect in future. The historical dividend growth rate of Aviva works out to 6.20%. The divided payout details are given in Table 6-2 of Appendix (Aviva, 2009). It is expected that this growth rate will continue in future. A total dividend of 33 pence per share was paid for the year 2008. This amount is expected to be 35.05 pence per share during the year of 2009 using the current dividend growth rate. The share price of Aviva as on January 1, 2009 was 361.84 pence. There is subsThe cost of equity as per this method works out to (0.33 x 1.0620/ 361.84) + 6.20%, i.e., 15.89%. There is substantial difference between the cost of equity calculated using the two methods. Both methods use several assumptions and approximations. Therefore, it was decided to take the arithmetic mean of both these figures for the purpose of calculating the WACC. The arithmetic mean works out to 10.42%. Preference Shares/ Direct Capital Instrument: The Aviva has issued several types of hybrid instruments at different rates of

Occupational Health and Safety Management System Development

Occupational Health and Safety Management System Development INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background In recent years, there have high number of occupational death and injury to occur in warehouse. This number of occupational accident not only damage for worker. This also is a greatly affect the productivity of society. Follow the Government statistics result in 2005, there have HK$ 1.02 billion compensation to injury worker and their family. This table are show the number of accident are decrease from 35,986 to 33,652 is decreasing compare with one year. Furthermore in economic way, after accident are also affect team morale, feeling and productivity. Under the statistics result to find that about 1.7 million sick leave day after occupational accident to lead the economic loss. In individual way, not only physically damage for worker. In psychology way, are also needs to pay more time to recovery and step by step to build up their working feeling to improve the productivity. To reduced the number of occupational accident and injury in warehouse and workplace. Need to evaluate and analyses more detail before setup the workplace. So that why we need to depend on Occupational safety and health management systems. Apply technical simulation, research and analysis the normally cause of injury and accident from unsafe workplace, environment, insufficient safety facility, unsafety working behavior with worker. In Fig 2 are separate to three main industry field to make more easily to evaluate and make technical comparison and convenience to analysis the data to make some decision Before to analysis and evaluate the cause of occupational accident. Firstly to study occupational guideline and review cause to evaluate the potential hazards in the existing or in progress workplace environment. In Fig 3 are show the potential hazards in site are damage to the worker. Cause the accident are the mild steel board are pressing to his leg. Then organize the good safety and occupational management specific system for specific work place. This mean not all-occupational management system can fully satisfy for all warehouse and workplace. But following the previous case, In real condition to analysis their right safety attitude and his working method from worker and operator is very difficult to know. So need to really understand specific workplace for different condition and different ways. For example: Occupational accident involves human, tools or machine and workplace. In human way, require knowing worker or employee working background, enough safety aware knowledge and operation experience for employer reference. Furthermore in external ways are also become factor to affect the employee working performance. It can include working duration; temperature, actual workplace, and rest time are really enough provide for employee to reduce mental fatigue. Try to study those following factors to establish for the occupational safety and health system for different working area. Then to use this effective human and environment data to redesign or rearrange to reduce or prevent the occupational accident and improve the confident for their job. Our goals have been try to really know the main cause depends on operators perspective and his working experience. Furthermore can apply this knowledge or experience to establish solid know base to prevent or reduce the occupational accidents in warehouse or industry field and improve to high standard of occupational and health in Hong Kong. 1.2 AIMS These aims of the final year project are introduce the occupational and management system in warehouse and to analyze this management system for some simulation approach. 1.3 OBJECTIVES 1. To develop and set up a safety and health management system. 2. To determine the major cause of occupational accident in warehouse. 1.4 METHODOLOGY To satisfy the objectives, this report can divide into two parts. The first part is collect major data from our warehouse. The second part is using the result to improve the safety and health management for warehouse. In the first part, we step by step to collect and research some data from the working location. We need to record the working behavior and observe their working process to analyze their working sequence. And then base on their working process to find out which working process will cause occupational accident. That following data I will collect from my part time job location in the garment warehouse. And I will develop the safety and management system to help for this warehouse to reduce number of accident. This following data for case study will show into next part, such as causes of accident, working environment. For these case studies, warehouse supervisors and staffs are interview from survey Questionnaire. From this questionnaire will list number of possible cause can lead the occupational accident. The survey result will show in the following chapter. 1.5 Organization This case study is divided into eight chapters and following the sequence to satisfy the project objective. Then will list the introduction of content. Chapter One Introduction Chapter One is introduces the background, objective, aims and methodology of the case study in the listed chapter. Chapter Two Literature Review Chapter Two will separate into six sections, in the first part will overview different type of stages of safety and health management system. System structure, simulation, and implementation. Chapter Three System Design In chapter three will show my possible system design. Firstly to collect the real data, make some case analysis and use simulation software to simulate the cause of accident. The method will show in this following chapter. Furthermore, the format of the survey questionnaire is shown in the below. Then the possible cause of accident will also list in the literature review. This purpose can fulfill the achievement for the objective. Which criteria of accident cause will choose more detail in this chapter and fulfill objective 1. Chapter Four Result Survey Questionnaire Chapter four will list the following result and problem finding from the questionnaire. Depend on the serious mistake and then analysis the result. Then will present the survey result into this chapter. From the analysis result to calculate the mark and using statistical method to present which condition will easily to have occupational accident. This following result can satisfy the objective 2. Chapter Five Discussion In Chapter five, It will group some similar data from each survey. According the relevant result or pattern of warehouse accident cause. After that to following the average to arrange the importance level from workers feedback. Next part of this chapter Chapter Six Conclusion Chapter Six is the final chapter for evaluates the analyzing result. Depend on the result and develop the suitable occupational and safety management system for this warehouse to prevent accident to make worker injury. Chapter 2 Literature Review 2.1 Introduction This following aim for this chapter are show the literature review related for the occupational and safety health management system, cause of occupational accident for real case. Firstly to divide into two part. One part is Cause of warehouse occupational accident and next part is safety and health system. As the cases are depend on various components and different situation will make different warehouse accident occurrence, Moreover are included some tasks with workplace design, implementation, and outcome will be discussed. In the next part, these purposes for make a summary for different types and possible accident in the warehouse and notice in the different literatures. Then will classify this possible cause, and make details revision for different cause to find out the cause of accident in warehouse. 2.2 Definition of Terms 2.2 Definition of Occupational Safety and Health Definitions A definition of safety and health means in the working area with cross-disciplinary have safety facilities, protection, and health for the worker. The goal is provide the safe working environment for all occupational fields. The purpose is protecting for the employer, employee, client, and workers family, supplier, public and community work by the work place. Such as public health field, occupational medicine, ergonomics, industrial field in production factory, warehouse, construction site. 2.3 Definition of Safety and Health Management System Occupational safety and health management system is integration management method to reduce risk in work place. It followed safety guidelines and reassigns this process need to teamwork support and management leadership to monitor the status. Depend on different business organization to form based conclusions and various results. And require higher usage rate of the safety and management system than type selected. It should be provide good atmosphere for implement the occupational safety and health to implement and practices. 2.4 Structure of Safety and Health Management System Structure of Safety and Health Management System are divide into SIX main criteria is Planning, Developing, Organizing, Implementing, Measuring and Reviewing. 2.4.1 Planning Planning is procedure to evaluate which criteria should be to complete. Firstly to classify which safety and health task should be suitable to apply in warehouse and use relevant Safety and Health Management Regulation. Then will accord sequence for the safety and health object to design and achieve that. Furthermore need accomplish this safety object may be lead to arise the financial and usage of resource. Secondly, for the management team need to determine the initial stage to analysis for existing safety and health system to make are some lay outs. Then will make some estimation to define the priorities of working process for risk management control and hazard reduction. After will setup the standards for the system outcome. Later should be make regular status assessment to analysis for the safety and health system in the daily process. Additionally, there are detail to show how to define the initial status analysis, regular analyses and risk estimation is shown as follows a) Initial status analysis This is a measuring step to find out exist job location are focus the importance of the safety and health business for the initial in the warehousing in progress. It should be first time to setup done in the safety management system depend on the proprietor of the working process. Furthermore, the employer should provide enough facility to worker for the Safety Management Regulation properly. b) Regular status analyses After operate initial status analysis, employer need to keep regularly applying the improving safety and health management system in warehouse continuously. The safety officer or supervisor should be classify the scope and regularly to apply assessment for analysis to be following: ~ The problem findings / safety and health management system revision ~ Introduce usage the new technology ~ Rearrange in management of organizational structure. c) Risk Estimation This aims for planning task, risk estimation is apply to test and establish the data file for overall risk in warehouse operation Then the problem findings will apply into the formula to create the risk reduce strategy, assign the safety and health object and set up the performance standards and object priorities. Basic procedure in risk estimation include as follow: 1) Classify of potential hazards This is procedures of classify all-important and potential hazards are related into working process and need to concern the damage of the user. 2) Evaluation for risk This is the procedure of the evaluation for specific subject of risk with every potential hazard that suppose each facility are in control in workplace, and decide the effective task and the result of their failure. Then need to concern if the risk assessment have some tolerance, if the tolerance occur, the supervisors need input into record which in or out of the statutory standard are also need to transform to international approve standards. If the risk can met or lower for the suitable level that will take it into tolerance counted. After the potential risk evaluation, there is elimination and reduction task to classify and for control purpose: i) Setup safety and health process and potential control standard The safety and health process should be no tolerance during the developing. ii) Maintenance and Carry out the safety and health process It should be appropriately to support and implement the Safety and health process and risk control. In the other hand, risk management control should be kept in effective. iii) Review of safety procedures and risk control measures Regular review is necessary for safety process and risk control. Need to be keeping in suspect way check the system isnt in function. When the critical change occurs is also related. After the risk assessment will discuss into next part. 3) Assign person for implementation The safety officer or supervisor needs to select a reliable staff or worker to implement analyses in progress and risk assessment. This reliable person should have: (a) Make sure this person should be keeping the system in progress. (b) Provide a technical training course and practice to earn the management experience. 2.4.2 Developing This is a process to how to achieve the safety and health management system 1) Following this status, the warehouse supervisor need to be clearly explain approval safety and health policy and document with specific objective in the initial planning status and make sure that policy involve this following agreement : i) To accomplish a high quality standard of safety and health to promise to met minimum requirements and regular to practice to keep in high performance. ii) The first line supervisor should be have primary responsibilities to create the occupational safety and health system to keep in progress. iii) Offer enough resource to carry out the system iv) Make sure acquaintance, maintenance the system, carry out the system for each level of management system. v) Ensure each worker can provide sufficient safety knowledge and training to work for their job and responsibilities. vi) Provide the regular review the management system. 2) Implement the safety and health system by the supervisors should be provides and arranges effective management planning for specific objective. i) Distinctly direction to lead to supervisor and manager cooperate with worker to achieve the specific target of the safety and health management system. This safety and health management system should be setup in the industrial and warehouse undertaking for first line management team, collect opinion and more helpfully for safety and health individually. All worker and different grade of manager should be participating for each stage of safety and health system. Not fixed format of the safety plan for how detail and pattern. Furthermore, the plan should be describe the policy of the safety plan, specific objective and which level of standard can be accomplish, measuring level. Then the key point should be set it out: a) Fully preparation for supervises the management plan to be success. b) Apply the management system should be implement and well prepare each component into industrial field. c) The responsibilities should be properly to assign into safety and health system. For necessary use, it should be include safety guidebook, method statement, and safety manual. Every level of managers, supervisors and worker should clearly understand the plan and their duty and focus in implementation. Developing the effective sharing system in structure. Lastly, safety and health plan need to fixed period to revise or review to improve the system more effective. 2.4.3 Organizing This is a communication and sharing procedure of the relationship between user and resources control in the working structure to complete their goal. The proprietor should be mention for relevant industrial is needed: i) Fully synthesized in the industrial field and apply into each process by different size of jobs. ii) Appropriate to provide enough money and can suitable fit the company size and characteristic for policy in progress should be suitable to developing and maintaining the parts of the safety and health management system. iii) It should be organize by have industrial field experience staff to set up and provide practice more efficient and effectively. To from a similar industrial field iv) To assigned responsibilities of safety and health for each staff. iv) To assign the operation for the safety member, a safety department/unit/group (safety officer means a person employed as a safety officer in an industrial undertaking under the Factories) vii) Need to offer authority to implement their safety and health responsibilities viii) Make a meeting to sharing the occupational and safety and health information more effectively. 2.4.4 Implementing This is the process of carrying out or applying the practice and training into accomplish the specific purpose. Make sure that have enough manipulate and applicable control for the performance followed in the management plans. Follow this step, the employer of a relevant industrial field is needed: i) To evaluate and carry out the plan to classify the risk and then can fulfill the legal standard as well to mention the safety management. ii) Need to provide enough monitoring and make sure that plan can effectively to carry out. iii) Well prepare and keep providing adequate documentation work to record and keep checking the management progress in the work place. iv) Well design the emergency system plans for special situation and keep it system into critical precedence. 2.4.5 Measuring This is a process for checking the management system performance to against legal standard to let them know where has potential risk need to control and improve. Furthermore to let them know which objective can fulfill the objective or not. In this measuring part, this part will derive the feedback system for this stage for system development and implementation and then to enhance ability of the system maintain to reduce the risk and continues keep it efficiency. Following this stage, the proprietor of an industrial field is needed: i) to implement the monitoring review, such as, hardware inspections (for example : machine, plant and building) and software inspections (such as : human, working process and working system), ii) Especially for supervisors, team leader have responsibilities to compactly monitor the performance of the safety and health management system iii) To implement the monitoring of the potential hazard management control, such as supervise of occupational accident, health display demonstrator and near misses. iv) To make decision for the immediate situation of performance and classify the potential causes and to involve for the system design and system operation of the safety and health management. v) To correct whichever situation identified during in the monitoring and checking process. vi) During the observation procedure to develop and carrying out status to continuously to get the opinion information to improve the safety and health management system in working operation. 2.4.6 Reviewing These mean to implement to estimate performance in regular monitoring of safety and health management system. Auditing is construct the feedback systeminto planning stage which to enhance, maintain and establish more effectively to prevent the risk occurs. In addition, the information sharing and flowing into the planning, developing implementing and maintenance stages. In the other hand, reviewing stage also can make sure that working process be correct of the safety and health management system. Following this reviewing stage, the employer of warehouse field is needed: i) To periodic a safety auditor or safety officer to regularly present safety audits review with sections 13 or 19 of the Safety Management Regulation. ii) To setup facilities, safety information for the safety officer review proposes of safety regular evaluate according sections 14 or 20 of the Safety Management Regulation iii) When safety review assessment hand-in to take the appropriate action, such as design the safety and management plan improvement and carrying out the management system in sections 16 and 22 iv) Regularly to receive the opinion information from the safety assessment and audit for modify the planning, developing, organizing and implementing stages to step by step to improve the safety and health management system in working procedure. Safety and Health management system model can be diagram summarized for the following: Management model to develop, implement and maintain a safety management system Fig.4 Safety and Health Management Structure Model Legend Information Link Control Link Chapter Three System Design In chapter three will show my possible system design. Firstly to collect the real data, make some case analysis and use simulation software to simulate the cause of accident. The method will show in this following chapter. 3.1 SAFETY CONCEPT The purpose of this section to make a basic introduction of the safety system concept and indicate some methods by different potential hazard can be produce. This is very important for the system users and system maker of the safety simulation to clearly know the concept of safety and expect which type of risks are show in the simulation. As you know, there are no fully dependable way to prevent hazard during the working process of safety and health system. Safety concepts difficult for each people fully understand. But we can also say liberty for working place situation can make body damage, death, tools and equipment damage. So we try to develop the safety system to make safe completely, but sometime design safety system is need to concede system performance and function for some design change. If we following to apply the system into warehouse, the safety system to be effective, but the system are also have some remnants of risk can need accept. After that will be have more interrelate with external condition, then the remnants if risk will need to keep going to solve from safety system. It reminds that no any system can fully to prevent all the risk from safety system, no matter what the system is really outstanding can manage external condition and worker actions are also cannot perfectly to reduce all accident in warehouse. On the other hand, if insert too many of safety characteristic into safety system may be affect the original goal for the warehouse. The level of safety function is needed to concede based on the level of accident. The potential hazard caused by the people, tools and equipment and working condition are mixed together to make a possible to occur. Such as, a potential hazard apply in normal procedure, but the working area are existing a number of worker will cause high hazard for the worker. 3.2 System design lay out Fig 5 The Safety System In this warehouse environment, this is mixed system that includes people, working process, workplace, and product. There also are important criteria for this process. That complicated system is involving high frequency of interaction with external working environment. This system can apply into different way of workplace to define number of potential risk. Contrarily, we can apply the result and data to demonstrate and analysis the number of potential hazards. Then apply this system to prevent and reduce the high potential risk. 3.3 Basic Accident Mode Accident is an unexpected event during in working process that also causes unexpectable damage for worker, destroy the production process, and may be loss the life during the process. Furthermore, we find that result basically in control mechanisms, potential hazards, working exposure and beginning of implementation, that following long chain criteria to from accident. In unsophisticated way can define that has potential hazard situation, then to start implement the event, that following the event order to acquire the result form accident. In real situation, that potential risk is existing, but we can control by a number of confirmative control mechanisms. Fig 6 Basic Accident Mode In the accident model way the accident appears in accident model way, this means the control mechanisms are failure. The model of Basic Accident had shown in Fig 6. Later will present more complicated model with number of accident chains with different potential risk situation to pass through and number of control mechanisms by passed when the accident appear. There is the complicated model to show in basic accident mode and try to indicate the point during into the number of effect in accident control to analysis to prevent the chance of accident appearing. Fig 7 Loop of Accident Feedback Figure 7 present the loops of feedback and identify what is suitable way to manage the safety and health system. After we receiving this opinion and according this follows mechanisms to classify for the information system for safety purpose. And each criteria insert into accident chain and is a chance to indicated the potential risk, reported the accident details and apply the control mechanisms to reduce the unsafe and potential hazard. The function of loop A is provide the minimum requisition for safety system and construct the accident reports to show the details and unwanted incidents. But this posting may not actually to prevent in the initial accident and not sometime to make a good effect to avoid the accidents occur in the future for insert into the statistical analysis to solve the system of safety and health management issue. The loop B is normally lower frequency to carry out and open-heart and regularly to report of dangerous acts. There are the precursors for the accident, Loop B can assign for the safety control. Loop C and Loop D are commonly more operative and apply for the proactive safety and health management and for classify potential hazard circumstances in the early status during in the chain. That following significant concept is suitable for simulation condition, and partly cause for technical accidents. Two important fail identification applied in active and latent in the basic concept in this model. Beginning the design, establish and operate the safety and health simulation system. A. There is meaning of the mistake or to contravene will have contrary effect immediately. These active failures are normally to relate into the worker activity during in the safety and health management system. These modes of active failures are not famous to apply into the system during into decision making in not approval. B. On the other hand, there is some decision-making and some operation which to make the condition without immediate reaction. They create this condition will to hibernate in long period of time till to touch off the action when the accident to appear. These means the latent failures are famous able to apply for the system from the operator to take out from the operation immediately. 3.4 Potential Hazard management and control flow When a number of risk and hazard occur can be to calculate for reduce, prevent and easily to control. Figure 8 plates in a risk identify method process. It clearly to show that can fully satisfy the requirement to reduce and prevent the hazard appears from the system design, but if cannot satisfy for different criteria to manage the potential hazard. There are following ways had be provide, provide the system training for the system users and setting the warning system for notice the users. Fig 8 Hazard preventable Flowchart However, if can classify the potential risk can be maximize to eliminated and to spread the possibility for long remain. These can transfer the remnant risk to safety and health system operator for control. Fig 9 Change of Remnant and Unclassified hazard As shown the diagram 9, the remnant risks are mixed into classified hazard which to consider that acceptable. Then the cognitive risks are transfer to users, they indicate for them to manage the document and link up to users. 3.5 Criteria FOR SIMULATION SAFETY This is a large size of safety and health guideline for applies into the simulation area. a) The judgements and care the safety and health simulation by authorized people. b) Provide safety support and safety advice in working place and other working area. c) Through latent and active failures to introduce in the comprehensive condition. d) Comprehensive working environments can advise their working area have owned potential risk as simulation the sickness and prevent the negative training. e) Need to mention the software and resources to reapply for new system and other new working objective. f) When issue the simulation need to concern the backgrounds of workers can select their different safety attitudes and standards, and safety technique level. It can prevent the hazards during the safety simulation system. Fig 10 Life Cycle System The capability system can operated and progress through the life cycle and therefore included five phases. This process in the beginning stage for classify from new capability and obtain from proceeds, services support. Then the safety simulation needs to concern the life cycle for system complete. Under the safety and health system are need to prepare the life cycle of the simulation system. 3.6 Key of Safety control The simulation life cycle are processing are involved a number of tasks. When processing the system is need to planning in the beginning stage for test and analysis activities. Apply this safety and health management system is demand to passing through all existing stage of simulation life cycle. Furthermore, also have number of safety and health management activities are also involve for different phase of a life cycle system are shown in Fig 10. And detail define total safety and health management events are need to documented information, and involve a number of management activities are applying independently. Then will applied in unfailingly method is passing through to organization. Following the pre-determined planing of the safety and management activities to present the systematic format. Fig 11 Safety Activity for each Life Cycle stage Safety Activity to be involved the Life Cycle stage Stage 0 Stage 1 Sage 2

Exploring Gardners Theory on Multiple Intelligences Essay -- Educatio

Howard Gardner used to define intelligence as â€Å"the ability to solve problems or to create products that are valued within one or more cultural settings† (Gardner 33). The modern day human being would most likely include the words â€Å"smart† and â€Å"dumb† in their definition of intelligence. Gardner questioned the belief of only one intelligence so he created his own theory that involved seven different discoveries. He didn’t want to call these discoveries â€Å"skills† or â€Å"talents† or gifts† because those all suggested a drawback so he decided on the word â€Å"intelligence,† creating his theory of multiple intelligences (Gardner 33). Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences including, linguistic, logical/mathematical, musical, bodily-kinesthetic, spatial, intrapersonal and interpersonal, has many implications for modern education and culture. Howard Gardner grew up in Pennsylvania in the late 1940’s, although his parents were originally from Germany. He attended Harvard as an undergraduate with the hopes of becoming a lawyer and with a major in history. However, as soon as he became the mentee of Erik Erikson, a well-known psychoanalyst, his interests started to change. Gardner entered the doctoral program at Harvard and received his PhD in 1971 with a dissertation on style sensitivity in children. During his years of doctoral study he became a part of the Project Zero, which does research on arts education, and he now co-directs the project. Gardner’s work with Project Zero led to the Project on Human Potential, which resulted in his first well-known book, Frames of Mind. He has written many books since then including, The Shattered Mind and Multiple Intelligences, and he is â€Å"currently Hobbs Professor of Cognition and Education at the Har... ...ly. It’s not Gardner’s goal to take over the education system and have it all reformed, but he does want educators to rethink their everyday lessons and see if they can improve them using his theory in order to broaden the comprehension of ideas to all students. Now all our society has to do is learn how to use this theory as an advantage and put all the intelligences to work. Gardner has started this concept of multiple intelligences but no one knows where it will end and what other implications it will have along the way. Works Cited Gardner, Howard. Intelligence Reframed: Multiple Intelligences for the 21st Century. New York, NY: Basic, 1999. Print. Smith, Mark K. "Howard Gardner, Multiple Intelligences and Education." The Encyclopedia of Informal Education. 2008. Web. 23 Feb. 2011.